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The Journal of Neuroscience, March 19, 2008, 28(12):3103-3113; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5333-07.2008

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Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Rapid Consolidation to a radish and Protein Synthesis-Dependent Long-Term Memory after Single-Session Appetitive Olfactory Conditioning in Drosophila

Michael J. Krashes and Scott Waddell

Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605

Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Scott Waddell, Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605. Email: scott.waddell{at}umassmed.edu

In Drosophila, formation of aversive olfactory long-term memory (LTM) requires multiple training sessions pairing odor and electric shock punishment with rest intervals. In contrast, here we show that a single 2 min training session pairing odor with a more ethologically relevant sugar reinforcement forms long-term appetitive memory that lasts for days. Appetitive LTM has some mechanistic similarity to aversive LTM in that it can be disrupted by cycloheximide, the dCreb2-b transcriptional repressor, and the crammer and tequila LTM-specific mutations. However, appetitive LTM is completely disrupted by the radish mutation that apparently represents a distinct mechanistic phase of consolidated aversive memory. Furthermore, appetitive LTM requires activity in the dorsal paired medial neuron and mushroom body 'β' neuron circuit during the first hour after training and mushroom body β neuron output during retrieval, suggesting that appetitive middle-term memory and LTM are mechanistically linked. Last, experiments feeding and/or starving flies after training reveals a critical motivational drive that enables appetitive LTM retrieval.

Key words: memory formation; consolidation; olfactory; Drosophila; mechanisms; circuits

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Received Dec. 1, 2007; revised Feb. 5, 2008; accepted Feb. 5, 2008.

Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Scott Waddell, Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605. Email: scott.waddell{at}umassmed.edu

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