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The Journal of Neuroscience, May 7, 2008, 28(19):5082-5087; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0513-08.2008

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Brief Communications
Neural Correlates of Forward and Inverse Models for Eye Movements: Evidence from Three-Dimensional Kinematics

Fatema F. Ghasia, Hui Meng, and Dora E. Angelaki

Department of Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110

Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Dora Angelaki, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Box 8108, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110. Email: angelaki{at}pcg.wustl.edu

Inverse and forward dynamic models have been conceptually important in computational motor control. In particular, inverse models are thought to convert desired action into appropriate motor commands. In parallel, forward models predict the consequences of the motor command on behavior by constructing an efference copy of the actual movement. Despite theoretical appeal, their neural representation has remained elusive. Here, we provide evidence supporting the notion that a group of premotor neurons called burst-tonic (BT) cells represent the output of the inverse model for eye movements. We show that BT neurons, like extraocular motoneurons but different from the evoked eye movement, do not carry signals appropriate for the half-angle rule of ocular kinematics during smooth-pursuit eye movements from eccentric positions. Along with findings of identical response dynamics as motoneurons, these results strongly suggest that BT cells carry a replica of the motor command. In contrast, eye-head (EH) neurons, a premotor cell type that is the target of Purkinje cell inhibition from the cerebellar flocculus/ventral paraflocculus, exhibit properties that could be consistent with the half-angle rule. Therefore, EH cells may be functionally related to the output of a forward internal model thought to construct an efference copy of the actual eye movement.

Key words: torsion; Listing's law; half-angle rule; burst-tonic cells; internal model; smooth pursuit

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Received Feb. 4, 2008; revised March 12, 2008; accepted April 6, 2008.

Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Dora Angelaki, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Box 8108, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110. Email: angelaki{at}pcg.wustl.edu

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