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The Journal of Neuroscience, January 9, 2008, 28(2):360-368; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4028-07.2008

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Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Human Pavlovian–Instrumental Transfer

Deborah Talmi,1 Ben Seymour,1 Peter Dayan,2 and Raymond J. Dolan1

1Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, UCL, WC1N 3BG London, United Kingdom, and 2Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, UCL, WC1N 3AR London, United Kingdom

Correspondence should be addressed to Deborah Talmi, Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, UCL, 12 Queen Square, WC1N 3BG London, UK. Email: d.talmi{at}fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk

The vigor with which a participant performs actions that produce valuable outcomes is subject to a complex set of motivational influences. Many of these are believed to involve the amygdala and the nucleus accumbens, which act as an interface between limbic and motor systems. One prominent class of influences is called pavlovian–instrumental transfer (PIT), in which the motivational characteristics of a predictor influence the vigor of an action with respect to which it is formally completely independent. We provide a demonstration of behavioral PIT in humans, with an audiovisual predictor of the noncontingent delivery of money inducing participants to perform more avidly an action involving squeezing a handgrip to earn money. Furthermore, using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we show that this enhanced motivation was associated with a trial-by-trial correlation with the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal in the nucleus accumbens and a subject-by-subject correlation with the BOLD signal in the amygdala. Our data dovetails well with the animal literature and sheds light on the neural control of vigor.

Key words: motivation; learning; reward; pavlovian conditioning; reinforcement; decision

Received June 7, 2007; revised Oct. 29, 2007; accepted Nov. 26, 2007.

Correspondence should be addressed to Deborah Talmi, Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, UCL, 12 Queen Square, WC1N 3BG London, UK. Email: d.talmi{at}fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk




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The Neural Mechanisms Underlying the Influence of Pavlovian Cues on Human Decision Making
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[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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