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The Journal of Neuroscience, October 15, 2008, 28(42):10541-10548; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3456-08.2008

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Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Activity in the Medial Temporal Lobe Predicts Memory Strength, Whereas Activity in the Prefrontal Cortex Predicts Recollection

C. Brock Kirwan,¹ John T. Wixted,³ and Larry R. Squire^2,3,4,5

¹Institute for Neural Computation, Departments of ²Neurosciences, ³Psychology, and ⁴Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, and ⁵Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, San Diego, California 92161

Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Larry R. Squire, Veterans Affairs Medical Center 116A, 3550 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161. Email: lsquire{at}ucsd.edu

Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of recognition memory have often been interpreted to mean that the hippocampus supports recollection and that the adjacent perirhinal cortex supports familiarity. Other work points out that these studies have confounded recollection and familiarity with strong and weak memories. In a source memory study, we used two novel approaches to data analysis that allowed item memory strength and source memory strength to be assessed independently. First, we identified regions in both hippocampus and perirhinal cortex in which activity varied as a function of subsequent item memory strength while source memory strength was held constant at chance levels. Second, we identified regions in prefrontal cortex in which activity varied as a function of subsequent source memory strength while item memory strength was held constant. These findings suggest that activity in the medial temporal lobe is predictive of subsequent memory strength, whereas activity in prefrontal cortex is predictive of subsequent recollection.

Key words: fMRI; hippocampus; memory; encoding; familiarity; recollection

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Received July 23, 2008; accepted Sept. 1, 2008.

Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Larry R. Squire, Veterans Affairs Medical Center 116A, 3550 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161. Email: lsquire{at}ucsd.edu

Related articles in J. Neurosci.:

Familiarity and Recollection in the Medial Temporal Lobe

Alexandros Kafkas and Ellen M. Migo
J. Neurosci. 2009 29: 2309-2311. [Full Text]  

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				C. B. Kirwan, Y. Shrager, and L. R. Squire Medial temporal lobe activity can distinguish between old and new stimuli independently of overt behavioral choice PNAS, August 25, 2009; 106(34): 14617 - 14621. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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