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The Journal of Neuroscience, November 5, 2008, 28(45):11511-11516; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2954-08.2008

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Brief Communications
Learning and Survival of Newly Generated Neurons: When Time Matters

Aurélie Mouret,¹ Gilles Gheusi,¹ Marie-Madeleine Gabellec,^1 * Fabrice de Chaumont,^2 * Jean-Christophe Olivo-Marin,² and Pierre-Marie Lledo¹

¹Perception and Memory Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité de Recherche Associée (URA) 2182, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France, and ²Unité Analyse d'Images Quantitative, CNRS URA 2582, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France

Correspondence should be addressed to Pierre-Marie Lledo, Perception and Memory Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris Cedex 15, France. Email: pmlledo{at}pasteur.fr

New interneurons are continually added to the olfactory bulb (OB), the first central relay for processing olfactory information, throughout life. It remains unknown how these adult-generated interneurons integrate into preexisting networks or die. We used immunohistochemical approaches to quantify adult neurogenesis in mice subjected to olfactory training. We identified a critical period in the life of an adult-generated OB interneuron, during which learning triggers distinct consequences. Using a discrimination learning task performed at various times after the birth of new interneurons, we found that olfactory training could increase, decrease, or have no effect on the number of surviving newly generated neurons. Cell survival and elimination depend on both the age of the cell and its location within the granule cell layer. This study provides new insight into the contribution of the newly generated interneurons to OB function. It demonstrates that neuronal elimination is an active process, rather than a simple consequence of nonuse.

Key words: adult neurogenesis; GABA; olfactory bulb; interneurons; discrimination; plasticity

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Received June 26, 2008; revised Aug. 5, 2008; accepted Sept. 8, 2008.

Correspondence should be addressed to Pierre-Marie Lledo, Perception and Memory Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75015 Paris Cedex 15, France. Email: pmlledo{at}pasteur.fr

This article has been cited by other articles:

				M. M. Moreno, C. Linster, O. Escanilla, J. Sacquet, A. Didier, and N. Mandairon Olfactory perceptual learning requires adult neurogenesis PNAS, October 20, 2009; 106(42): 17980 - 17985. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Mouret, G. Lepousez, J. Gras, M.-M. Gabellec, and P.-M. Lledo Turnover of Newborn Olfactory Bulb Neurons Optimizes Olfaction J. Neurosci., September 30, 2009; 29(39): 12302 - 12314. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Mandairon and C. Linster Odor Perception and Olfactory Bulb Plasticity in Adult Mammals J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2009; 101(5): 2204 - 2209. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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