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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 5, 1808-1819, Copyright © 1985 by Society for Neuroscience
Development of neuromuscular specificity in the grasshopper embryo: guidance of motoneuron growth cones by muscle pioneers
EE Ball, RK Ho and CS Goodman
In the grasshopper embryo, neuromuscular specificity develops between
individual identified motoneurons whose cell bodies are located in the
central nervous system, and specific skeletal muscles in the periphery. We
previously reported on a class of large mesodermal cells, called muscle
pioneers (MPs), that arise early in development (Ho, R. K., E. E. Ball, and
C. S. Goodman (1983) Nature 301: 66-69). We suggested that the MPs might be
involved in orchestrating the coordinated development of nerve and muscle.
In this paper, we describe the development of the MP for coxal muscle 133a
in the metathoracic limb bud, and its innervation by two excitatory
motoneurons (fast, Df, and slow, Ds). Although many motoneuron growth cones
extend out of nerve 5 and quite likely come in contact with the 133a MP
between 35% and 45% of development, only Df and Ds display a high affinity
for its surface; the other motoneurons innervate more distal leg muscles.
When the 133a MP is ablated before arrival of motoneurons in the limb bud,
the Df growth cone extends past the location where it normally gets off
nerve 5 and continues to extend distally along the same pathway taken by
its sibling motoneuron. Although there is a mass of small mesodermal cells
in the area where the differentiated coxal muscle 133a normally forms,
evidently it does not provide the necessary guidance cue for the Df growth
cone. These results indicate the important role played by MPs in the
specific guidance of motoneuron growth cones in the grasshopper embryo.
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