 |
 Previous Article | Next Article 
Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 6, 1695-1701, Copyright © 1986 by Society for Neuroscience
Effects of interstimulus interval and contingency on classical conditioning of the Aplysia siphon withdrawal reflex
RD Hawkins, TJ Carew and ER Kandel
The siphon withdrawal reflex of Aplysia undergoes differential classical
conditioning with cutaneous stimulation of the siphon or mantle shelf as
the discriminative conditioned stimuli (CS+ and CS-) and shock to the tail
as the unconditioned stimulus (US). The reflex has proved to be useful for
analyzing the neural mechanisms of conditioning. To test the generality of
this experimental system, we have begun to compare the properties of
conditioning in Aplysia with those of conditioning in vertebrates. We first
examined the effect of the interstimulus interval (ISI) by varying the time
between presentation of the CS+ and the US in different groups of animals.
Significant differential conditioning was obtained when the onset of the
CS+ preceded the onset of the US by 0.5 sec, and marginal conditioning was
obtained when the ISI was 1.0 sec. By contrast, no significant conditioning
occurred when the CS+ preceded the US by 2, 5, or 10 sec, when the onsets
of the stimuli were simultaneous, or when US onset preceded the CS+ by 0.5,
1.0, or 1.5 sec (backward conditioning). We next examined the effect of
contingency by giving one group of animals normal differential
conditioning, and a second group the same training but with additional USs
inserted between the paired trials. Presentation of these additional USs
reduced the degree to which the US was contingent on the CS+, but did not
change the number of pairings. Animals receiving normal training again
showed significant conditioning, whereas animals receiving additional USs
showed no conditioning.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
S. A. Jami, W. G. Wright, and D. L. Glanzman
Differential Classical Conditioning of the Gill-Withdrawal Reflex in Aplysia Recruits Both NMDA Receptor-Dependent Enhancement and NMDA Receptor-Dependent Depression of the Reflex
J. Neurosci.,
March 21, 2007;
27(12):
3064 - 3068.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. A. Hoover, H. Nguyen, L. Thompson, and W. G. Wright
Associative memory in three aplysiids: Correlation with heterosynaptic modulation
Learn. Mem.,
November 1, 2006;
13(6):
820 - 826.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. D. Hawkins, E. R. Kandel, and C. H. Bailey
Molecular Mechanisms of Memory Storage in Aplysia
Biol. Bull.,
June 1, 2006;
210(3):
174 - 191.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. D. Lent and H.-W. Kwon
Antennal movements reveal associative learning in the American cockroach Periplaneta americana
J. Exp. Biol.,
January 15, 2004;
207(2):
369 - 375.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Antonov, I. Antonova, E. R. Kandel, and R. D. Hawkins
The Contribution of Activity-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity to Classical Conditioning in Aplysia
J. Neurosci.,
August 15, 2001;
21(16):
6413 - 6422.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T W Abrams, Y Yovell, C U Onyike, J E Cohen, and H E Jarrard
Analysis of sequence-dependent interactions between transient calcium and transmitter stimuli in activating adenylyl cyclase in Aplysia: possible contribution to CS--US sequence requirement during conditioning.
Learn. Mem.,
January 1, 1998;
4(6):
496 - 509.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Mignault and A. A. J. Marley
A Real-Time Neuronal Model of Classical Conditioning
Adaptive Behavior,
June 1, 1997;
6(1):
3 - 61.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Y. Lin and D. L. Glanzman
Effect of Interstimulus Interval on Pairing-Induced LTP of Aplysia Sensorimotor Synapses in Cell Culture
J Neurophysiol,
February 1, 1997;
77(2):
667 - 674.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C Chen and R F Thompson
Temporal specificity of long-term depression in parallel fiber--Purkinje synapses in rat cerebellar slice.
Learn. Mem.,
January 1, 1995;
2(3-4):
185 - 198.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G A Clark, R D Hawkins, and E R Kandel
Activity-dependent enhancement of presynaptic facilitation provides a cellular mechanism for the temporal specificity of classical conditioning in Aplysia.
Learn. Mem.,
January 1, 1994;
1(4):
243 - 257.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Small, E. Kandel, and R. Hawkins
Activity-dependent enhancement of presynaptic inhibition in Aplysia sensory neurons
Science,
March 24, 1989;
243(4898):
1603 - 1606.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
