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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 7, 3588-3599, Copyright © 1987 by Society for Neuroscience
Electrically and chemically mediated increases in intracellular calcium in neuronal growth cones
CS Cohan, JA Connor and SB Kater
Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242.
In the present report we used the calcium indicator fura-2 to compare
intracellular levels of free calcium in growth cones of isolated Helisoma
neurons under a variety of experimental conditions. We tested whether 2
different signals that inhibit growth cone motility--action potentials and
serotonin--changed calcium levels in growth cones. Electrical stimulation
of the cell body caused a rise in calcium levels at the growth cone. After
brief stimulation, calcium levels quickly recovered to normal values,
whereas longer stimulation periods required longer recovery times. The
application of serotonin to growth cones caused an increase in calcium
levels that was selective for growth cones of neurons whose outgrowth was
inhibited by serotonin, but not for neurons whose outgrowth was not
affected. We also found that motile growth cones had higher free calcium
levels than growth cones that had spontaneously stopped growing.
Furthermore, the distribution of calcium in neurons that contained motile
growth cones was heterogeneous; calcium levels were always higher in the
growth cone than in the neurite or soma. These data indicate that calcium
levels in growth cones vary in different states of outgrowth and that
calcium levels can be modulated by both electrical and chemical signals.
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