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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 7, 4209-4223, Copyright © 1987 by Society for Neuroscience
Plasticity in the organization of adult cerebral cortical maps: a computer simulation based on neuronal group selection
JC Pearson, LH Finkel and GM Edelman
Neurosciences Institute, Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021.
Recent experimental evidence from the somatosensory, auditory, and visual
systems documents the existence of functional plasticity in topographic map
organization in adult animals. This evidence suggests that an ongoing
competitive organizing process controls the locations of map borders and
the receptive field properties of neurons. A computer model based on the
process of neuronal group selection has been constructed that accounts for
reported results on map plasticity in somatosensory cortex. The simulations
construct a network of locally connected excitatory and inhibitory cells
that receives topographic projections from 2 receptor sheets corresponding
to the glabrous and dorsal surfaces of the hand (a typical simulation
involves approximately 1500 cells, 70,000 intrinsic and 100,000 extrinsic
connections). Both intrinsic and extrinsic connections undergo activity-
dependent modifications according to a synaptic rule based on
heterosynaptic interactions. Repeated stimulation of the receptor sheet
resulted in the formation of neuronal groups-local sets of strongly
interconnected neurons in the network. Cells in most groups were found to
have similar receptive fields: they were exclusively glabrous or dorsal
despite equal numbers of anatomical connections from both surfaces. The
sharpness of map borders was due to the sharpness of the underlying group
structure; shifts in the locations of these borders resulted from
competition between groups. Following perturbations of the input, the
network underwent changes similar to those observed experimentally in
monkey somatosensory cortex. Repeated local tapping on the receptor sheet
resulted in a large increase in the magnification factor of the stimulated
region. Transection of the connections from a glabrous region resulted in
the organization of a new representation of corresponding dorsal region.
The detailed simulations provide several insights into the mechanisms of
such changes, as well as a series of predictions about cortical behavior
for further experimental test.
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