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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 7, 330-342, Copyright © 1987 by Society for Neuroscience
Functional subdivisions of the temporal lobe neocortex
GC Baylis, ET Rolls and CM Leonard
In order to gather evidence on functional subdivisions of the temporal lobe
neocortex of the primate, the activity of more than 2600 single neurons was
recorded in 10 myelo- and cytoarchitecturally defined subdivisions of the
cortex in the superior temporal sulcus (STS) and inferior temporal gyrus of
the anterior part of the temporal lobe of 5 hemispheres of 3 macaque
monkeys. First, convergence of different modalities into each area was
investigated. Areas TS and TAa, in the upper part of this region, were
found to receive visual as well as auditory inputs. Areas TPO, PGa, and
IPa, in the depths of the STS, received visual, auditory, and somatosensory
inputs. Areas TEa, TEm, TE3, TE2, and TE1, which extend from the ventral
bank of the STS through the inferior temporal gyrus, were primarily
unimodal visual areas. Second, of the cells with visual responses, it was
found that some neurons in areas TS-IPa could be activated only by moving
visual stimuli, whereas the great majority of neurons in areas TEa-TE1
could be activated by stationary visual stimuli. Third, it was found that
there were few sharply discriminating visual neurons in areas TS and TAa;
of the sharply discriminating visual neurons in other areas, however,
neurons that responded primarily to faces were found predominantly in areas
TPO, TEa, and TEm (in which they represented 20% of the neurons with visual
responses); neurons that were tuned to relatively simple visual stimuli
such as sine-wave gratings, color, or simple shapes were relatively common
in areas TEa, TEm, and TE3; and neurons that responded only to complex
visual stimuli were common in areas IPa, TEa, TEm, and TE3. These findings
show inter alia that areas TPO, PGa, and IPa are multimodal, that the
inferior temporal gyrus areas are primarily unimodal, that there are areas
in the cortex in the anterior and dorsal part of the STS that are
specialized for the analysis of moving visual stimuli, that neurons
responsive primarily to faces are found predominantly in areas TPO, TEa,
and TEm, and that architectural subdivisions of the temporal lobe cortex
are related to neuronal response properties.
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