 |
 Previous Article | Next Article 
Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 7, 408-417, Copyright © 1987 by Society for Neuroscience
Multiple sensory neuronal correlates of site-specific sensitization in Aplysia
ET Walters
Noxious stimulation of a restricted site on the skin of Aplysia (training)
causes site-specific sensitization of the tail-withdrawal reflex that is
associated with several sensory correlates that are evident both 10 min and
2 hr after training. First, extracellularly recorded afferent activity
evoked by test stimulation of the trained site increases, indicating
peripheral sensory changes. Second, central sensory alterations are
manifested by tail sensory neurons within the pleural VC cluster that
innervate the trained site and are activated during training. These
mechanosensory/nociceptive cells display a number of differences from
unactivated tail sensory neurons innervating other sites: slow
depolarization of the soma observed immediately after training, decrease in
soma action potential threshold, and enhancement of monosynaptic EPSPs to
identified motor neurons. Noxious stimulation of a more extensive region
also produces site-specific sensitization of the tail-withdrawal reflex and
site-specific enhancement of EPSP amplitude measured 1 d after training.
This training produced a novel cellular correlate of behavioral enhancement
in Aplysia--regenerative bursting responses (2-35 spikes) in response to
brief depolarization of the sensory neuron soma. The changes in peripheral
and central excitability appear similar to changes associated with
mammalian models of primary hyperalgesia. Site-specific enhancement of
nociceptive signaling also occurs during aversive associative conditioning
in a noxious unconditioned stimulus (US) pathway. These site-specific
changes involve activity-dependent extrinsic modulation (ADEM) of the VC
sensory neurons, suggesting a close relationship to changes underlying
associative conditioning in conditioned stimulus (CS) pathways in Aplysia.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
R. M. S. Weragoda and E. T. Walters
Serotonin Induces Memory-Like, Rapamycin-Sensitive Hyperexcitability in Sensory Axons of Aplysia That Contributes to Injury Responses
J Neurophysiol,
September 1, 2007;
98(3):
1231 - 1239.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Gasull, X. Liao, M. F. Dulin, C. Phelps, and E. T. Walters
Evidence That Long-Term Hyperexcitability of the Sensory Neuron Soma Induced by Nerve Injury in Aplysia Is Adaptive
J Neurophysiol,
September 1, 2005;
94(3):
2218 - 2230.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. S. Bristol and T. J. Carew
Differential role of inhibition in habituation of two independent afferent pathways to a common motor output
Learn. Mem.,
January 1, 2005;
12(1):
52 - 60.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. M. S. Weragoda, E. Ferrer, and E. T. Walters
Memory-Like Alterations in Aplysia Axons after Nerve Injury or Localized Depolarization
J. Neurosci.,
November 17, 2004;
24(46):
10393 - 10401.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Sutton, M. W. Bagnall, S. K. Sharma, J. Shobe, and T. J. Carew
Intermediate-Term Memory for Site-Specific Sensitization in Aplysia Is Maintained by Persistent Activation of Protein Kinase C
J. Neurosci.,
April 7, 2004;
24(14):
3600 - 3609.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Sutton and T. J. Carew
Behavioral, Cellular, and Molecular Analysis of Memory in Aplysia I: Intermediate-Term Memory
Integr. Comp. Biol.,
August 1, 2002;
42(4):
725 - 735.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. Sherff and T. J. Carew
Behavioral, Cellular, and Molecular Analysis of Memory in Aplysia II: Long-Term Facilitation
Integr. Comp. Biol.,
August 1, 2002;
42(4):
736 - 742.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. Wainwright, H. Zhang, J. H. Byrne, and L. J. Cleary
Localized Neuronal Outgrowth Induced by Long-Term Sensitization Training in Aplysia
J. Neurosci.,
May 15, 2002;
22(10):
4132 - 4141.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. Ungless, X. Gasull, and E. T. Walters
Long-Term Alteration of S-Type Potassium Current and Passive Membrane Properties in Aplysia Sensory Neurons Following Axotomy
J Neurophysiol,
May 1, 2002;
87(5):
2408 - 2420.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E Walters, P Illich, J Weeks, and M Lewin
Defensive responses of larval Manduca sexta and their sensitization by noxious stimuli in the laboratory and field
J. Exp. Biol.,
January 2, 2001;
204(3):
457 - 469.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Liao, C. G. Brou, and E. T. Walters
Limited Contributions of Serotonin to Long-Term Hyperexcitability of Aplysia Sensory Neurons
J Neurophysiol,
December 1, 1999;
82(6):
3223 - 3235.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Chin, A. Angers, L. J. Cleary, A. Eskin, and J. H. Byrne
TGF-beta 1 in Aplysia: Role in Long-Term Changes in the Excitability of Sensory Neurons and Distribution of Tbeta R-II-Like Immunoreactivity
Learn. Mem.,
May 1, 1999;
6(3):
317 - 330.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Farr, J. Mathews, D.-F. Zhu, and R. T. Ambron
Inflammation Causes a Long-Term Hyperexcitability in the Nociceptive Sensory Neurons of Aplysia
Learn. Mem.,
May 1, 1999;
6(3):
331 - 340.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Liao, J. D. Gunstream, M. R. Lewin, R. T. Ambron, and E. T. Walters
Activation of Protein Kinase A Contributes to the Expression But Not the Induction of Long-Term Hyperexcitability Caused by Axotomy of Aplysia Sensory Neurons
J. Neurosci.,
February 15, 1999;
19(4):
1247 - 1256.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Clatworthy and E Grose
Immune-mediated alterations in nociceptive sensory function in Aplysia californica
J. Exp. Biol.,
January 3, 1999;
202(5):
623 - 630.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. J. Cleary, W. L. Lee, and J. H. Byrne
Cellular Correlates of Long-Term Sensitization in Aplysia
J. Neurosci.,
August 1, 1998;
18(15):
5988 - 5998.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Manseau, W. S. Sossin, and V. F. Castellucci
Long-Term Changes in Excitability Induced by Protein Kinase C Activation in Aplysia Sensory Neurons
J Neurophysiol,
March 1, 1998;
79(3):
1210 - 1218.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-X. Bao, E. R. Kandel, and R. D. Hawkins
Involvement of Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Mechanisms in a Cellular Analog of Classical Conditioning at Aplysia Sensory-Motor Neuron Synapses in Isolated Cell Culture
J. Neurosci.,
January 1, 1998;
18(1):
458 - 466.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Schacher, F. Wu, and Z.-Y. Sun
Pathway-Specific Synaptic Plasticity: Activity-Dependent Enhancement and Suppression of Long-Term Heterosynaptic Facilitation at Converging Inputs on a Single Target
J. Neurosci.,
January 15, 1997;
17(2):
597 - 606.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. A. Illich and E. T. Walters
Mechanosensory Neurons Innervating Aplysia Siphon Encode Noxious Stimuli and Display Nociceptive Sensitization
J. Neurosci.,
January 1, 1997;
17(1):
459 - 469.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K K Fitzgerald and T J Carew
Multiple forms of facilitation produced by aversive tentacular stimuli in cerebral ganglion sensory neurons of Aplysia.
Learn. Mem.,
January 1, 1997;
3(5):
376 - 388.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Stopfer, X. Chen, Y.-T. Tai, G. S. Huang, and T. J. Carew
Site Specificity of Short-Term and Long-Term Habituation in the Tail-Elicited Siphon Withdrawal Reflex of Aplysia
J. Neurosci.,
August 15, 1996;
16(16):
4923 - 4932.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Stopfer and T. J. Carew
Heterosynaptic Facilitation of Tail Sensory Neuron Synaptic Transmission during Habituation in Tail-Induced Tail and Siphon Withdrawal Reflexes of Aplysia
J. Neurosci.,
August 15, 1996;
16(16):
4933 - 4948.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G A Clark, R D Hawkins, and E R Kandel
Activity-dependent enhancement of presynaptic facilitation provides a cellular mechanism for the temporal specificity of classical conditioning in Aplysia.
Learn. Mem.,
January 1, 1994;
1(4):
243 - 257.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Emptage and T. Carew
Long-term synaptic facilitation in the absence of short-term facilitation in Aplysia neurons
Science,
October 8, 1993;
262(5131):
253 - 256.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Walters, H Alizadeh, and G. Castro
Similar neuronal alterations induced by axonal injury and learning in Aplysia
Science,
August 16, 1991;
253(5021):
797 - 799.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Scholz and J. Byrne
Intracellular injection of cAMP induces a long-term reduction of neuronal K+ currents
Science,
June 17, 1988;
240(4859):
1664 - 1666.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S Schacher, V. Castellucci, and E. Kandel
cAMP evokes long-term facilitation in Aplysia sensory neurons that requires new protein synthesis
Science,
June 17, 1988;
240(4859):
1667 - 1669.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
