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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 7, 1010-1021, Copyright © 1987 by Society for Neuroscience
The somatotopic organization of the supplementary motor area: intracortical microstimulation mapping
AR Mitz and SP Wise
The somatotopic organization of the supplementary motor area (SMA) is
commonly held to consist of a rostrocaudal sequence of orofacial, forelimb,
and hindlimb representations. Recently, however, this somatotopy has been
questioned. Studies of regional cerebral blood flow in humans and the
movements evoked by intracortical electrical stimulation in cynomolgus
monkeys have been unable to reveal evidence of distinct orofacial,
forelimb, and hindlimb representations rostrocaudally situated along the
medial cortex of the hemisphere. Partly on the basis of those results, it
has been suggested that the SMA functions as a nontopographically organized
"higher-order" motor center. The present study reexamines SMA organization
by observing stimulation-evoked movements. The medial frontal cortex of 2
rhesus monkeys was mapped using a modified intracortical microstimulation
technique. We observed a forelimb representation mainly on the medial
surface of the hemisphere in both animals. Rostral or rostrolateral to the
forelimb representation, depending on the individual, we evoked orofacial
movements (including eye movements). Hindlimb movements were evoked from
tissue overlapping, but largely caudal to, the forelimb representation.
Thus, we conclude that there is a clear rostrocaudal progression of
orofacial, forelimb, and hindlimb movement representations in the SMA.
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