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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 7, 1271-1293, Copyright © 1987 by Society for Neuroscience
Morphological and physiological differentiation of Purkinje neurons in cultures of rat cerebellum
DL Gruol and CL Franklin
During ontogeny, vertebrate CNS neurons differentiate from relatively
simple stem cells to complex units that express unique morphological and
electrophysiological characteristics. We have examined several aspects of
this developmental process in an identified CNS neuronal type, the Purkinje
neuron (PN) of the cerebellum. Our approach has included the use of a
tissue culture preparation and immunohistochemical and electrophysiological
techniques. Using immunohistochemical techniques, we have identified
immature PNs in culture and examined their morphological and synaptic
development. These studies have shown that PNs undergo extensive
morphological and synaptic development in culture, the morphological
characteristics of the immature PNs in culture and the developmental
sequence and time course are reflective of that described for PNs in vivo,
synapse formation is initiated at an early stage of PN development in
culture and proceeds concurrently with the morphological development, and
the main period of synapse formation is associated with the main period of
dendritic development, reflecting the preferential location of synaptic
sites at the dendritic region of mature PN. Using electrophysiological
techniques, we have examined the physiological development of PNs in
culture and have correlated the stages in physiological, morphological, and
synaptic development. Results from these studies show the following. Mature
PNs in culture exhibit complex electrophysiological properties, including
the ability to generate 2 types of spike events, simple and complex spikes,
and endogenously generated activity. Expression of electrophysiological
properties begins at an early stage in PN development, when the PNs consist
of little more than a soma with a few fine perisomatic processes. The
earliest physiological characteristics to be expressed by the PN include
sensitivity to transmitters, the ability to respond to synaptic input, and
the ability to generate simple spikes. Synaptic input produces spontaneous
activity in young PNs, but the patterns of activity change during
development as mechanisms underlying endogenously generated activity and
complex spike generation are expressed, and synapse formation
proceeds.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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