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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 7, 1327-1339, Copyright © 1987 by Society for Neuroscience
Effects of early unilateral blur on the macaque's visual system. II. Anatomical observations
AE Hendrickson, JA Movshon, HM Eggers, MS Gizzi, RG Boothe and L Kiorpes
We studied the effects of early unilateral blur on the anatomical
organization of the visual pathways in 8 macaque monkeys. Blur was induced
in one eye, beginning 2-14 d after birth, by 0.5% atropine twice a day.
Atropinization was stopped at 6-8 months of age, and the animals were
studied for anatomy 3-24 months later. The retina and all other eye tissues
showed normal histology. In the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN),
cells in parvocellular layers receiving input from the atropine-treated eye
were 9-32% smaller and were more lightly stained than those in layers
innervated by the untreated eye. These changes were generally larger in the
LGN ipsilateral to the treated eye. LGN cell size changes were absent or
much smaller in the magnocellular layers. In the striate cortex, the
distribution of the oxidative enzyme cytochrome oxidase (CO) was markedly
altered in layer 4C beta. Layer 4C beta is uniformly stained in normal
animals, but showed a distinct pattern of alternating high and low CO bands
in the atropine-treated animals; the bands of higher CO activity were
narrower than the bands of lower activity and had a 857-1050 micron repeat.
Fainter banding was seen in layers 4A, 4C alpha, and 6, but the density of
the rows of dark CO-stained dots in layer 3 was unaffected. Double-
labeling revealed that the narrow dark CO bands were associated with the
centers of the ocular dominance columns devoted to the atropine- treated
eye. The distribution of 14C-2-deoxyglucose uptake in visual cortex
produced by 4.5-9 c/deg spatial frequency stimulation was strongly biased
toward the untreated eye. The treated eye could, however, elicit reasonably
strong uptake when stimulated with patterns containing lower spatial
frequencies. These results suggest that unilateral neonatal blur
preferentially affects the parvocellular layers of the LGN and layer 4C
beta of striate cortex, which are the portions of the central visual system
associated with the processing of information concerning fine spatial
detail. These anatomical changes are consistent with the high spatial
frequency loss of vision demonstrated behaviorally and
electrophysiologically in the atropine eye-driven visual system of these
same animals.
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