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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 7, 1799-1808, Copyright © 1987 by Society for Neuroscience
Laminar and regional distributions of neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques in Alzheimer's disease: a quantitative study of visual and auditory cortices
DA Lewis, MJ Campbell, RD Terry and JH Morrison
The number of Thioflavine S-positive neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and
neuritic plaques (NP) was determined in visual and auditory cortical
regions of 8 patients with Alzheimer's disease. On both a regional and
laminar basis, NFT exhibited very distinctive and consistent distribution
patterns. The mean (+/- SEM) number of NFT in a 250-micron- wide cortical
traverse was very low in area 17, primary visual cortex (0.9 +/- 1.0),
increased 20-fold in the immediately adjacent visual association cortex of
area 18 (19.7 +/- 3.6), and showed a further doubling in area 20, the
higher-order visual association cortex of the inferior temporal gyrus (35.5
+/- 8.8). Similar differences in NFT number were present between primary
auditory (1.6 +/- 0.5) and auditory association (18.9 +/- 5.4) regions. On
a laminar basis, NFT were predominantly present in layers III and V,
although there were striking regional differences in the proportion of NFT
in these 2 layers. Layer III contained 79% of the NFT in layers III and V
in area 18, 41% in area 20, and only 27% in area 22. In contrast, NP showed
different, and less specific, regional and laminar distribution patterns.
Total NP number was similar in the 3 visual areas, although there were
marked regional differences in the type of NP present. Nearly 80% of the NP
in area 17 was of the NPc type (i.e., contained a dense, brightly
fluorescent core), whereas over 70% of the NP in both areas 18 and 21 was
of the NPnc type (i.e., lacked a dense, brightly fluorescent core). NP were
present in every cortical layer but were most numerous in layers III and
IV. The distinctive distribution patterns of NFT are very similar to the
regional and laminar locations of long corticocortical projection neurons
in homologous regions of monkey neocortex. This association suggests that
NFT reside in the cell bodies of a subpopulation of pyramidal neurons,
namely, those that furnish long corticocortical projections. In contrast,
the distribution patterns of NP suggest that multiple neuronal systems
contribute to their formation.
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