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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 7, 2239-2255, Copyright © 1987 by Society for Neuroscience
Common and differential effects of attentive fixation on the excitability of parietal and prestriate (V4) cortical visual neurons in the macaque monkey
VB Mountcastle, BC Motter, MA Steinmetz and AK Sestokas
The excitability of cortical neurons of prestriate area V4 and area PG of
the inferior parietal lobule were examined using the method of
single-neuron analysis in awake macaque monkeys. Levels of excitability
were measured as the intensity of response to optimal visual stimuli placed
in the most responsive region of the cell's receptive field. Physically and
retinotopically identical stimuli were delivered during eye movement pauses
under 3 conditions: during a no-task state in which the animal was awake
and alert, but not receiving or expecting rewards or working in any task;
between trials of the task state, the intertrial interval, while the animal
awaited the appearance of a fixation target; and during the foreperiod of
the task state, as the animal attentively fixated a small target light,
waiting to detect its dimming in order to receive liquid reward.
Experiments were carried out in 6 hemispheres of 4 monkeys; both V4 and PG
were examined through the same chamber placements in 2 hemispheres. A total
of 478 neurons in V4 and PG were identified as visual; quantitative studies
were done on 146 in V4 and 54 in PG. We found in these experiments a common
effect, a 3- 4-fold facilitation of the responses of both V4 and PG visual
neurons during the task state as compared to in the no-task state, and a
differential effect, in that V4 neurons showed a similar 3-4-fold
facilitation of responses to stimuli presented during the intertrial
interval, whereas PG neuronal responses during this interval were similar
to those evoked in the no-task state. We describe the functional properties
of V4 neurons studied in the waking state. The findings are discussed in
relation to the positions of these 2 areas in the occipitoparietal and
occipitotemporal transcortical visual systems and to their respective roles
in visuospatial perception and pattern recognition. They are also discussed
with regard to the candidate neural mechanisms through which the changes in
cortical neuronal excitability might be mediated.
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