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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 7, 2373-2389, Copyright © 1987 by Society for Neuroscience
Does mental activity change the oxidative metabolism of the brain?
PE Roland, L Eriksson, S Stone-Elander and L Widen
Previous studies have shown that sensory stimulation and voluntary motor
activity increase regional cerebral glucose consumption and regional
cerebral blood flow (rCBF). The present study had 3 purposes: (1) to
examine whether pure mental activity changed the oxidative metabolism of
the brain and, if so, (2) to examine which anatomical structures were
participating in the mental activity; and to examine whether there was any
coupling of the rCBF to the physiological changes in the regional cerebral
oxidative metabolism (rCMRO2). With a positron- emission tomograph (PET),
we measured the rCMRO2, rCBF, and regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) in
independent sessions lasting 100 sec each. A dynamic method was used for
the measurement of rCMRO2. The rCMRO2, rCBF, and rCBV were measured in 2
different states in 10 young, healthy volunteers: at rest and when visually
imagining a specific route in familiar surroundings. The rCBF at rest was
linearly correlated to the rCMRO2: rCBF (in ml/100 gm/min) = 11.4 rCMRO2 +
11.9. The specific mental visual imagery increased the rCMRO2 in 25
cortical fields, ranging in size from 2 to 10 cm3, located in homotypical
cortex. Active fields were located in the superior and lateral prefrontal
cortex and the frontal eye fields. The strongest increase of rCMRO2
appeared in the posterior superior lateral parietal cortex and the
posterior superior medial parietal cortex in precuneus. Subcortically, the
rCMRO2 increased in neostriatum and posterior thalamus. These focal
metabolic increases were so strong that the CMRO2 of the whole brain
increased by 10%. The rCBF increased proportionally in these active fields
and structures, such that d(rCBF) in ml/100 gm/min = 11.1 d(rCMRO2). Thus,
a dynamic coupling of the rCBF to the rCMRO2 was observed during the
physiological increase in neural metabolism. On the basis of previous
functional activation studies and our knowledge of anatomical connections
in man and other primates, the posterior medial and lateral parietal
cortices were classified as remote visual-association areas participating
in the generation of visual images of spatial scenes from memory, and the
posterior thalamus was assumed to participate in the retrieval of such
memories.
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