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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 8, 2758-2768, Copyright © 1988 by Society for Neuroscience
Flexible body dynamics of the goldfish C-start: implications for reticulospinal command mechanisms
RC Eaton, R DiDomenico and J Nissanov
Department of Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309.
As a model for learning how reticulospinal networks coordinate movement, we
have analyzed the function of the Mauthner (M-) neurons in the escape
response of the goldfish. We used water displacements of 3-6 micron to
elicit C-start escape responses. These responses consist of 2 fundamental
movements that grade into each other: Stage 1 lasts 15-40 msec and rotates
the body 30 degrees-100 degrees about the center of mass; stage 2 is an
axial acceleration that moves the center of mass 2- 6 cm. Combined, the 2
stages result in trajectory turns ranging from 15 degrees to 135 degrees.
Thus, these data show that M-initiated C-starts are not fixed movement
patterns. The durations of stage 1 body muscle EMGs were correlated with
turn angles achieved during stage 1. Since variable stage 1 EMGs are not
seen when the M-cell is triggered by itself, other circuits, independent of
the M-cell, must control the extent of the initial turn, and consequently
escape trajectory. Furthermore, turning angles of stages 1 and 2 were
correlated, allowing escape trajectory to be predicted, on average, 26 msec
after movement started. This suggests that the commands for escape
trajectory should be organized by the end of stage 1. In concert with this,
the time of onset of the stage 2 EMG preceded the stage 2 onset by a range
with a mean of 28.4 msec, typically putting the stage 2 command at the
beginning of stage 1 movement. Thus, stage 2 initiation does not require
motion-dependent feedback. Our findings indicate that the Mauthner cell
initiates the first of a series of motor commands that establish the
initial left-right decision of the escape sequence from the side of the
stimulus, whereas parallel circuits simultaneously organize the command
controlling the escape angle.
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