Figure 1. Vestibular primary afferent mossy fiber and climbing fiber projections to uvula-nodulus. Sequences in activation are indicated by solid lines for excitatory pathways and dashed lines for inhibitory pathways, listed numerically. 1, Roll-tilt onto the left side increases primary afferent discharge; 2, primary afferent mossy fibers project to ipsilateral Psol, Y-group, and granule cell layer of nodulus; 3, Psol projects to ipsilateral β-nucleus and dmcc; 4, climbing fibers from β-nucleus and dmcc project to contralateral nodulus; 5, vestibular nuclei project bilaterally to Y-group; 6, Y-group projects to contralateral dorsal cap, β-nucleus, and dmcc; Amb, nucleus ambiguus; β, β-nucleus; cf, climbing fiber; Cu, cuneate nucleus; dc, dorsal cap; DVN, LVN, MVN and SVN, descending, lateral, medial, and superior vestibular nucleus, respectively; Fl, flocculus; Gc, granule cell; icp, inferior cerebellar peduncle; LRN, lateral reticular nucleus; mf, mossy fiber; LCN, MCN and IntP, lateral, medial and interpositus cerebellar nucleus, respectively; NPH, nucleus prepositus hypoglossi; Nsol, nucleus solitarius; Pc, Purkinje neuron; pf, parallel fiber; PFl, paraflocculus; PO, principal olive; Psol, parasolitary nucleus; sol, tractus solitarius; SpV, spinal trigeminal nucleus; spV, spinal trigeminal tract; X, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus; XII, hypoglossal nucleus; VI, abducens nucleus; Y, Y-group: 8n, auditory-vestibular nerve.