Figure 1. nf1 mutants exhibit size and memory phenotypes. A, Female and male adults were measured from the anterior tip of the antennae to the posterior tip of the abdomen. There was no significant difference between nf1c00617 and control females, but nf1c00617 males were significantly smaller than control males (*p < 0.005). Both genders of nf1P2 and nf1P1 were significantly smaller than both controls and nf1c00617, and nf1P2 flies were also significantly smaller than nf1P1. For control, w(CS10) was used, n = 100, and for all nf1 mutants, n = 50. Means ± SEM are shown. *p < 0.005, **p < 0.0001. B, Learning and memory phenotype of nf1c00617 homozygous mutants compared with other nf1 alleles. Performance was assayed 3 min, 3 h, and 24 h after training. All mutant groups showed impaired performance relative to controls. nf1c00617 mutants performed significantly better than nf1P1, nf1P2, and rut2080 mutants when tested at 3 min after training but not when tested 3 or 24 h after training. A 5×-spaced protocol was used to elicit 24 h memory. For 3 min and 3 h memory, w(CS10) was used as a control. K33 was used as a control for 24 h memory. C, Expression of nf1 in all neurons rescues the 3 h memory phenotype of nf1c00617 mutants. Both control and elav/uas–dnf1;nf1c00617 flies performed significantly better than both elav/+;nf1c00617 and nf1c00617 flies, demonstrating a complete rescue of the nf1c00617 memory phenotype. There was no significant difference between the performance of control and elav/uas–dnf1;nf1c00617 flies or between elav/+;nf1c00617 and nf1c00617 flies. There was also no significant difference between the performance of nf1c00617 and uas–dnf1/+;nf1c00617 flies, as shown in Figures 5⇓–7. Control flies were w(CS10). For 24 h memory, n = 14. For all other data, n = 6. Means ± SEM are shown. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001 relative to controls.