Figure 2. Hyperactive and reduced anxiety-like behaviors in Lmtk3−/− mice. A–E, The open-field test. A, Increased horizontal activity of KO mice in a novel environment. WT, n = 10; Het, n = 10; KO, n = 9. F(2,26) = 97.61, p < 0.0001 for genotype, two-way repeated-measures ANOVA. WT versus KO: p < 0.0001. B, Typical examples of locomotor patterns of WT (top) and KO (bottom) mice during 15 min recordings. C, Increased vertical activity in KO mice in a novel environment. n = 7 for each genotype. F(1,12) = 5.34. *p = 0.0394 for WT versus KO in a novel environment, one-way ANOVA. D, KO mice spent less time immobile in both novel and familiar environments. WT, n = 10; Het, n = 10; KO, n = 9. F(1,17) = 119.59. ***p < 0.0001 for WT versus KO in a novel environment, F(1,17) = 44.21. ***p < 0.0001 for WT versus KO in a familiar environment, one-way ANOVA. E, Increased horizontal activity of KO mice in a familiar environment. WT, n = 10; KO, n = 9. F(1,17) = 29.72, p < 0.0001 for genotype, two-way repeated-measures ANOVA. F–I, The elevated plus maze test. F, The increased total distance traveled by mutants. WT, n = 13; KO, n = 11, F(1,22) = 117.8. ***p < 0.0001, one-way ANOVA. G, The increased total number of entries by mutants. WT, n = 13; KO, n = 11, F(1,22) = 170.1. ***p < 0.0001, one-way ANOVA. H, Increased time spent in the open arms by the mutants. WT, n = 13; KO, n = 11, F(1,22) = 70.3. ***p < 0.0001, one-way ANOVA. I, The increased number of entries into the open arms by mutants. WT, n = 13; KO, n = 11, F(1,22) = 19.3. ***p < 0.001, one-way ANOVA. J, The increased number of transitions between the light and dark compartments by mutants during the light/dark transition test. WT, n = 13; KO, n = 11, F(1,22) = 36.8. ***p < 0.0001, one-way ANOVA. K–M, Contextual and auditory fear conditioning tests. n = 15 for each genotype. K, Freezing responses on the conditioning day. A tone was presented for 10 s (solid line), and mice were given a footshock for 2 s (arrow). F(1,28) = 5.354, p = 0.0282 for genotype, two-way repeated-measures ANOVA. L, Freezing responses in the contextual fear conditioning test 24 h after conditioning. F(1,28) = 4.896, p = 0.0352 for genotype, two-way repeated-measures ANOVA. M, Freezing responses in the auditory fear conditioning test 48 h after conditioning. Three minutes after putting mice into a test chamber with novel contexts, the same tone was presented for 3 min (solid line). F(1,28) = 4.796, p = 0.037 for genotype, two-way repeated-measures ANOVA. Data are mean ± SEM.