Figure 9. Synaptic activities during slow oscillations in the mouse thalamus and cortex. A, Averaged PSP histograms of the neurons recorded in the cortex (FrA-O, M1, S1, V1, V-RS, and V-RS posterior: n = 18, 8, 11, 5, 7, and 7 neurons, respectively) and thalamus (PF, PO, AV, VPM, and LGN: n = 6, 7, 7, 14, and 6 neurons, respectively) plotted against phase. Here and below before grand averaging, the histogram for each neuron was normalized by the mean value (each bin of the histogram was divided by the value of mean bin of the histogram). Bottom, The histograms for small-amplitude EPSPs extracted in 4 VPM neurons are shown with a dotted line. The histograms for fast-rising EPSPs extracted in VPM and LGN neurons are shown with a solid line. B, Half rising amplitude of PSP histograms of each neuron is plotted against phase (averaged mean phases of the same points are shown in Fig. 11B). Bottom, Half rising amplitude of IPSP histograms of the VPM and LGN neurons is plotted against phase. C, Time PSP histograms. Zero time corresponds to the instantaneous phase −0.5. In all panels, the positive part of SEM is shown with gray (negative part is not shown).