PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Kamal Rahmouni
AU  - William G. Haynes
AU  - Donald A. Morgan
AU  - Allyn L. Mark
TI  - Role of Melanocortin-4 Receptors in Mediating Renal Sympathoactivation to Leptin and Insulin
AID  - 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-14-05998.2003
DP  - 2003 Jul 09
TA  - The Journal of Neuroscience
PG  - 5998--6004
VI  - 23
IP  - 14
4099  - http://www.jneurosci.org/content/23/14/5998.short
4100  - http://www.jneurosci.org/content/23/14/5998.full
SO  - J. Neurosci.2003 Jul 09; 23
AB  - Central melanocortin signaling plays an important role in regulation of energy homeostasis by leptin and insulin. We investigated the interaction between leptin, insulin, and melanocortin-4 receptors (MC-4Rs) in the control of renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) in mice. We compared the effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of leptin, insulin, MC-3/4R agonist (MTII), and corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) on RSNA in leptin receptor-deficient (db/db) mice, MC-4R knock-out mice, and their wild-type controls. ICV administration of leptin and MTII caused a significant and dose-dependent increase in RSNA in control mice. As expected, leptin had no significant effect on RSNA in the db/db mice. Interestingly, db/db mice exhibited markedly attenuated RSNA responses to ICV administration of MTII. However, the increase in RSNA induced by insulin and CRF was comparable between db/db and control mice. In the heterozygous and homozygous MC-4R knock-out mice, the RSNA response to MTII was attenuated and abolished, respectively. The RSNA response to ICV leptin and insulin was also attenuated and abolished in the heterozygous and homozygous MC-4R knock-out mice, respectively. In contrast, CRF induced a similar increase in RSNA in the MC-4R knock-out and wild-type mice. Our data demonstrate that in the absence of leptin receptors, the sympathoexcitatory effects of melanocortin system stimulation are attenuated. In addition, the renal sympathoexcitatory responses to leptin and insulin are dependent on the MC-4R, demonstrating an important role for the MC-4R in the regulation of renal sympathetic nerve outflow by leptin and insulin.