TY - JOUR T1 - Ventral Pallidal Representation of Pavlovian Cues and Reward: Population and Rate Codes JF - The Journal of Neuroscience JO - J. Neurosci. SP - 1058 LP - 1069 DO - 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1437-03.2004 VL - 24 IS - 5 AU - Amy J. Tindell AU - Kent C. Berridge AU - J. Wayne Aldridge Y1 - 2004/02/04 UR - http://www.jneurosci.org/content/24/5/1058.abstract N2 - We recorded neural activity in the ventral pallidum (VP) while rats learned a pavlovian reward association. Rats learned to distinguish a tone that predicted sucrose pellets (CS+) from a different tone that predicted nothing (CS–). Many VP units became responsive to CS+, but few units responded to CS–. When two CS+ were encountered sequentially, the earliest predictor of reward became most potent. Many VP units were also activated when the sucrose reward was received [unconditioned stimulus (UCS)]. These VP units for UCS remained responsive to sucrose reward after learning, even when sucrose was already predicted by CS+. Neural representation of reward learning and reward itself was characterized by population codes. The population of units that responded to CS+ increased with learning, whereas the population that responded to UCS did not change. A relative firing rate code also represented the identities of conditioned stimuli and UCS. Firing rate differences among stimuli were acquired early and remained stable during subsequent training, whereas population codes and behavioral conditioned responses continued to develop during subsequent training. Thus, the VP makes use of dynamic CS population and rate codes to encode pavlovian reward cues in reward learning and uses stable UCS population and firing codes to encode sucrose reward itself. ER -