@article {Khasar5721, author = {Sachia G. Khasar and Jennifer Burkham and Olayinka A. Dina and Adrienne S. Brown and Oliver Bogen and Nicole Alessandri-Haber and Paul G. Green and David B. Reichling and Jon D. Levine}, title = {Stress Induces a Switch of Intracellular Signaling in Sensory Neurons in a Model of Generalized Pain}, volume = {28}, number = {22}, pages = {5721--5730}, year = {2008}, doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0256-08.2008}, publisher = {Society for Neuroscience}, abstract = {Stress dramatically exacerbates pain in diseases such as fibromyalgia and rheumatoid arthritis, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that stress causes generalized hyperalgesia by enhancing pronociceptive effects of immune mediators. Rats exposed to nonhabituating sound stress exhibited no change in mechanical nociceptive threshold, but showed a marked increase in hyperalgesia evoked by local injections of prostaglandin E2 or epinephrine. This enhancement, which developed more than a week after exposure to stress, required concerted action of glucocorticoids and catecholamines at receptors located in the periphery on sensory afferents. The altered response to pronociceptive mediators involved a switch in coupling of their receptors from predominantly stimulatory to inhibitory G-proteins (Gs to Gi), and for prostaglandin E2, emergence of novel dependence on protein kinase Cε. Thus, an important mechanism in generalized pain syndromes may be stress-induced coactivation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal and sympathoadrenal axes, causing a long-lasting alteration in intracellular signaling pathways, enabling normally innocuous levels of immune mediators to produce chronic hyperalgesia.}, issn = {0270-6474}, URL = {https://www.jneurosci.org/content/28/22/5721}, eprint = {https://www.jneurosci.org/content/28/22/5721.full.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Neuroscience} }