RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Enduring Reversal of Neuropathic Pain by a Single Intrathecal Injection of Adenosine 2A Receptor Agonists: A Novel Therapy for Neuropathic Pain JF The Journal of Neuroscience JO J. Neurosci. FD Society for Neuroscience SP 14015 OP 14025 DO 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3447-09.2009 VO 29 IS 44 A1 Lisa C. Loram A1 Jacqueline A. Harrison A1 Evan M. Sloane A1 Mark R. Hutchinson A1 Paige Sholar A1 Frederick R. Taylor A1 Debra Berkelhammer A1 Benjamen D. Coats A1 Stephen Poole A1 Erin D. Milligan A1 Steven F. Maier A1 Jayson Rieger A1 Linda R. Watkins YR 2009 UL http://www.jneurosci.org/content/29/44/14015.abstract AB Previous studies of peripheral immune cells have documented that activation of adenosine 2A receptors (A2ARs) decrease proinflammatory cytokine release and increase release of the potent anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10). Given the growing literature supporting that glial proinflammatory cytokines importantly contribute to neuropathic pain and that IL-10 can suppress such pain, we evaluated the effects of intrathecally administered A2AR agonists on neuropathic pain using the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model. A single intrathecal injection of the A2AR agonists 4-(3-(6-amino-9-(5-cyclopropylcarbamoyl-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-9H-purin-2-yl)prop-2-ynyl)piperidine-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester (ATL313) or 2-p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino-5′-N-ethylcarboxamido adenosine HCl (CGS21680), 10–14 d after CCI versus sham surgery, produced a long-duration reversal of mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia for at least 4 weeks. Neither drug altered the nociceptive responses of sham-operated controls. An A2AR antagonist [ZM241385 (4-(2-[7-amino-2-(2-furyl)(1,2,4)triazolo(2,3-a)(1,3,5)triazin-5-ylamino]ethyl)phenol)] coadministered intrathecally with ATL313 abolished the action of ATL313 in rats with neuropathy-induced allodynia but had no effect on allodynia in the absence of the A2AR agonist. ATL313 attenuated CCI-induced upregulation of spinal cord activation markers for microglia and astrocytes in the L4–L6 spinal cord segments both 1 and 4 weeks after a single intrathecal ATL313 administration. Neutralizing IL-10 antibodies administered intrathecally transiently abolished the effect of ATL313 on neuropathic pain. In addition, IL-10 mRNA was significantly elevated in the CSF cells collected from the lumbar region. Activation of A2ARs after intrathecal administration may be a novel, therapeutic approach for the treatment of neuropathic pain by increasing IL-10 in the immunocompetent cells of the CNS.