RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Dissociation of Genetic and Hormonal Influences on Sex Differences in Alcoholism-Related Behaviors JF The Journal of Neuroscience JO J. Neurosci. FD Society for Neuroscience SP 9140 OP 9144 DO 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0548-10.2010 VO 30 IS 27 A1 Jacqueline M. Barker A1 Mary M. Torregrossa A1 Arthur P. Arnold A1 Jane R. Taylor YR 2010 UL http://www.jneurosci.org/content/30/27/9140.abstract AB Differences between men and women in alcohol abuse prevalence have long been attributed to social and hormonal factors. It is, however, becoming apparent that sex differences in substance dependence are also influenced by genetic factors. Using a four core genotype mouse model that enables dissociation of chromosomal and gonadal sex, we show that habitual responding for alcohol reinforcement is mediated by sex chromosome complement independent of gonadal phenotype. After moderate instrumental training, chromosomal male (XY) mice became insensitive to outcome devaluation, indicating habitual responding. Chromosomal female (XX) mice remained sensitive to outcome devaluation, signifying goal-directed behavior. There was no effect of gonadal phenotype on habitual responding. Conversely, alcohol drinking was predicted by gonadal phenotype independent of sex chromosome complement. These results indicate that different alcoholism-related behaviors are determined independently by gonadal and chromosomal sex.