RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Cilia Organize Ependymal Planar Polarity
JF The Journal of Neuroscience
JO J. Neurosci.
FD Society for Neuroscience
SP 2600
OP 2610
DO 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3744-09.2010
VO 30
IS 7
A1 Zaman Mirzadeh
A1 Young-Goo Han
A1 Mario Soriano-Navarro
A1 Jose Manuel García-Verdugo
A1 Arturo Alvarez-Buylla
YR 2010
UL http://www.jneurosci.org/content/30/7/2600.abstract
AB Multiciliated epithelial cells, called ependymal cells, line the ventricles in the adult brain. Most ependymal cells are born prenatally and are derived from radial glia. Ependymal cells have a remarkable planar polarization that determines orientation of ciliary beating and propulsion of CSF. Disruption of ependymal ciliary beating, by injury or disease, results in aberrant CSF circulation and hydrocephalus, a common disorder of the CNS. Very little is known about the mechanisms guiding ependymal planar polarity and whether this organization is acquired during ependymal cell development or is already present in radial glia. Here we show that basal bodies in ependymal cells in the lateral ventricle walls of adult mice are polarized in two ways: (1) rotational; angle of individual basal bodies with respect to their long axis and (2) translational; the position of basal bodies on the apical surface of the cell. Conditional ablation of motile cilia disrupted rotational orientation, but translational polarity was largely preserved. In contrast, translational polarity was dramatically affected when radial glial primary cilia were ablated earlier in development. Remarkably, radial glia in the embryo have a translational polarity that predicts the orientation of mature ependymal cells. These results suggest that ependymal planar cell polarity is a multistep process initially organized by primary cilia in radial glia and then refined by motile cilia in ependymal cells.