RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 The Organization of Dorsal Frontal Cortex in Humans and Macaques JF The Journal of Neuroscience JO J. Neurosci. FD Society for Neuroscience SP 12255 OP 12274 DO 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5108-12.2013 VO 33 IS 30 A1 Jérôme Sallet A1 Rogier B. Mars A1 MaryAnn P. Noonan A1 Franz-Xaver Neubert A1 Saad Jbabdi A1 Jill X. O'Reilly A1 Nicola Filippini A1 Adam G. Thomas A1 Matthew F. Rushworth YR 2013 UL http://www.jneurosci.org/content/33/30/12255.abstract AB The human dorsal frontal cortex has been associated with the most sophisticated aspects of cognition, including those that are thought to be especially refined in humans. Here we used diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) and functional MRI (fMRI) in humans and macaques to infer and compare the organization of dorsal frontal cortex in the two species. Using DW-MRI tractography-based parcellation, we identified 10 dorsal frontal regions lying between the human inferior frontal sulcus and cingulate cortex. Patterns of functional coupling between each area and the rest of the brain were then estimated with fMRI and compared with functional coupling patterns in macaques. Areas in human medial frontal cortex, including areas associated with high-level social cognitive processes such as theory of mind, showed a surprising degree of similarity in their functional coupling patterns with the frontal pole, medial prefrontal, and dorsal prefrontal convexity in the macaque. We failed to find evidence for “new” regions in human medial frontal cortex. On the lateral surface, comparison of functional coupling patterns suggested correspondences in anatomical organization distinct from those that are widely assumed. A human region sometimes referred to as lateral frontal pole more closely resembled area 46, rather than the frontal pole, of the macaque. Overall the pattern of results suggest important similarities in frontal cortex organization in humans and other primates, even in the case of regions thought to carry out uniquely human functions. The patterns of interspecies correspondences are not, however, always those that are widely assumed.