PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Yan Jing Wu
AU  - Guillaume Thierry
TI  - Fast Modulation of Executive Function by Language Context in Bilinguals
AID  - 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4760-12.2013
DP  - 2013 Aug 14
TA  - The Journal of Neuroscience
PG  - 13533--13537
VI  - 33
IP  - 33
4099  - http://www.jneurosci.org/content/33/33/13533.short
4100  - http://www.jneurosci.org/content/33/33/13533.full
SO  - J. Neurosci.2013 Aug 14; 33
AB  - Mastering two languages has been associated with enhancement in human executive control, but previous studies of this phenomenon have exclusively relied on comparisons between bilingual and monolingual individuals. In the present study, we tested a single group of Welsh–English bilinguals engaged in a nonverbal conflict resolution task and manipulated language context by intermittently presenting words in Welsh, English, or both languages. Surprisingly, participants showed enhanced executive capacity to resolve interference when exposed to a mixed compared with a single language context, even though they ignored the irrelevant contextual words. This result was supported by greater response accuracy and reduced amplitude of the P300, an electrophysiological correlate of cognitive interference. Our findings introduce a new level of plasticity in bilingual executive control dependent on fast changing language context rather than long-term language experience.