RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Changes in Cerebral CB<sub>1</sub> Receptor Availability after Acute and Chronic Alcohol Abuse and Monitored Abstinence
JF The Journal of Neuroscience
JO J. Neurosci.
FD Society for Neuroscience
SP 2822
OP 2831
DO 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0849-13.2014
VO 34
IS 8
A1 Jenny Ceccarini
A1 Titia Hompes
A1 Anne Verhaeghen
A1 Cindy Casteels
A1 Hendrik Peuskens
A1 Guy Bormans
A1 Stephan Claes
A1 Koen Van Laere
YR 2014
UL http://www.jneurosci.org/content/34/8/2822.abstract
AB Involvement of the type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R) in the effects of alcohol on the brain is supported by animal experiments, but how in vivo CB1R levels are altered in alcoholic patients is still unclear. To assess the short-time effects of a binge drinking episode on CB1R availability, 20 healthy social drinkers underwent [18F]MK-9470-positron emission tomography (PET) at baseline and after intravenous ethanol administration (ALC ACU). Moreover, 26 alcoholic patients underwent sequential CB1R PET after chronic heavy drinking (ALC CHR) and after 1 month of abstinence (ALC ABST). Seventeen healthy subjects served as controls. Compared with baseline, ALC ACU resulted in a global increase of CB1R availability (+15.8%). In contrast, a global decreased CB1R availability was found in ALC CHR patients (−16.1%) compared with controls, which remained unaltered after abstinence (−17.0%). Voxel-based analysis showed that ALC CHR patients had reduced CB1R availability, especially in the cerebellum and parieto-occipital cortex. After abstinence, reduced CB1R availability extended also to other areas such as the ventral striatum and mesotemporal lobe. In conclusion, whereas the acute alcohol effect is an increase in CB1R availability, chronic heavy drinking leads to reduced CB1R availability that is not reversible after 1 month of abstinence. Longer follow-up is required to differentiate whether this is a compensatory effect of repeated endocannabinoid overstimulation or an enduring trait-like feature. An enhanced CB1R signaling may offer a new therapeutic direction for treatment of the negative affective state produced by alcohol withdrawal and abstinence, which is critical for the maintenance of alcohol addiction.