Behaviors coded as durations | |
Nursing | Breast contact for >3 sec |
Extended play | Play behavior lasting for >3 sec |
Extended negative | Aggressive encounters lasting >3 sec |
Groom | Picking or licking another monkey's fur for >3 sec |
Proximity | Within arm's reach of another subject for >3 sec |
Nonsocial active | Active behavior (head up/exploring) out of proximity for >3 sec |
Nonsocial inactive | Passive behavior (head down/not exploring) out of proximity for >3 sec |
Other contact | Physical contact with another subject for >3 sec (not nursing or ventral) |
Sleep | Eyes closed, no activity for >3 sec |
Social activity | Alternating proximity and contact within a group for >3 sec |
Ventral contact | Ventral surface contacting another subject's ventral surface for >3 sec |
Behaviors coded as frequencies | |
Aggression | Grab, hit, bite, or slap |
Anogenital explore | Sniffing, touching, or licking genital area of another subject |
Approach | Directed movement into arm's reach of another subject |
Bark | Sharp, guttural vocalization |
Cage shake | Dominance display involving shaking the cage |
Chase | Quick, directed movement after another subject lasting >3 sec |
Coo | High-pitched, soft vocalization |
Crook tail | Tail is held in a stiff ′?′ formation |
Fear grimace | Upper and lower lips retracted, exposing teeth |
Flee | Rapid movement away from another subject |
Follow | Slow, deliberate movement after another subject lasting for >3 sec |
Freeze | No movement for >3 sec |
Grunt | Soft, guttural sound produced in affiliative encounters |
Incomplete mount | One or two of the following: double foot clasp, partner positioning, or thrusting |
Lipsmack | Rhythmic lip movements, often with pursed lips |
Manual explore | Use of hands to explore physical environment |
Maternal rejection | Mother physically prevents the infant from obtaining contact |
Maternal restrain | Mother physically prevents the infant from breaking contact |
Maternal retrieve | Mother physically retrieves infant and reinstates contact |
Mount | Includes double foot clasp, appropriate partner positioning, and thrusting |
Oral explore | Use of mouth to explore physical environment |
Social play | Rough and tumble play, grappling |
Present groom | Rigid presentation of body part for grooming |
Present mount | Stiff, 4-point stance, tail up, rump toward partner |
Scratch | Rapid hand movements, using fingers to scratch own body |
Scream | High-pitched, high-intensity vocalization indicating fear or distress |
Self clasp | Grasping own body |
Stereotypic movement | Abnormal motor movements, including circling, back flipping, spinning, or pacing |
Tantrum | Shaking/spasms of body, often accompanied by gecker vocalization |
Tooth grind | Audible rubbing of lower premolars and upper canines |
Threat | One or more of the following: open mouth stare, head bob, or lunge |
Withdraw | Movement out of arm's reach of another monkey |
Yawn | Fully open mouth, lips retracted and teeth showing |