Learning (mean ± SEM) | Recall (mean ± SEM) | Retention (mean ± SEM) | Significance (p) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
PAL | ||||
Sleep | ||||
tDCS | 33.0 ± 1.4 | 35.7 ± 1.4 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | p < 0.005 |
Placebo | 33.6 ± 1.5 | 34.5 ± 1.5 | 0.9 ± 0.8 | |
Wake | ||||
tDCS | 36.2 ± 1.5 | 36.3 ± 1.2 | 0.0 ± 1.0 | p > 0.8 |
Placebo | 34.0 ± 1.4 | 33.7 ± 1.4 | −0.3 ± 0.5 | |
MT draw time (in milliseconds) | ||||
Sleep | ||||
tDCS | 72.63 ± 9.57 | 55.77 ± 6.06 | −16.86 ± 4.58 | p > 0.5 |
Placebo | 72.00 ± 7.88 | 58.68 ± 5.02 | −13.32 ± 3.67 | |
Wake | ||||
tDCS | 60.00 ± 6.72 | 52.50 ± 6.75 | −7.51 ± 5.80 | p > 0.3 |
Placebo | 63.33 ± 14.21 | 46.81 ± 9.60 | −16.52 ± 5.76 | |
MT error count | ||||
Sleep | ||||
tDCS | 7.1 ± 1.4 | 5.4 ± 1.3 | −1.8 ± 0.6 | p > 0.8 |
Placebo | 6.6 ± 1.6 | 4.5 ± 1.4 | −1.9 ± 0.7 | |
Wake | ||||
tDCS | 14.6 ± 3.5 | 8.7 ± 1.5 | −5.9 ± 1.7 | p > 0.5 |
Placebo | 12.7 ± 3.1 | 8.8 ± 1.2 | −3.9 ± 2.3 |
Retention is defined by the difference in retrieval performance before and after the retention interval. The retention interval was filled with Sleep or wakefulness (Wake), during which either tDCS or placebo stimulation was applied. The right column indicates significant differences in retention, compared with the respective placebo condition. Corresponding performances during learning and recall did not differ significantly (see Results for details).