Table B.

Animal sounds

Alligator, adult growl #1 (20) Bird, whippoorwill, call (20) Lion, snap and growl (20)
Alligator, adult growl #2 (20) Bird, wren (20) Monkey, howler (15)
Alligator, baby calling (6) Bird, yellowthroat bird (20) Monkey, pygmy marmoset squeal (20)
Bear, growl (18) Bull, bellowing (20) Monkey, small animal screech (20)
Bear, large, breathing (3) Bull, howling (20) Panda cub, mewing (20)
Bear, large, chewing and licking (20) Camel, groan (19) Penguin, baby emperor, talking (13)
Bear, large, growl and roar (20) Cat, meowing (12) Penguin, single short call (19)
Bear, large, snorting (20) Cat, noisy growling (20) Pig, deep grunting (20)
Bird, blackbird chirp (18) Cat, purring (17) Pig, grunt and snort (20)
Bird, chickadee, single call (20) Dog, crying-yowl (20) Pig, squeal (18)
Bird, chicken, clucking and call (20) Dog, howl startup (19) Rhinoceros, grunt and whine (18)
Bird, cockatoo screeching (20) Dog, whimpering (20) Rhinoceros, inhale and groan (20)
Bird, cockatoo calling (20) Dolphin, chirp and high pitch (20) Sea lion, barking (18)
Bird, cuckoo (18) Dolphin, chirps (18) Sea lion, distant higher pitch (19)
Bird, dove cooing (20) Dolphin, screeches (20) Sea lion, single roar (19)
Bird, duck quacking (20) Donkey, braying (19) Sea lion, single wavering call (16)
Bird, eagle calling (20) Donkey, ramp up sound (20) Sea otter, squealing (20)
Bird, falcon, raspy call (15) Elephant, cry (19) Seal, elephant, call (16)
Bird, finch song (20) Elephant, groan (11) Seal, single bark (20)
Bird, heron, screech noises (20) Elephant, groan-sigh (16) Tiger, growl (19)
Bird, killdeer calling (19) Elephant, trumpets (20) Turkey, gobbling (20)
Bird, loon, single call (19) Elk, screeching call (20) Walrus, female, single roar (19)
Bird, macaw, raspy call (20) Frog, ribbiting (20) Walrus, male, single roar (16)
Bird, mockingbird, call (20) Gorilla, vocalizing (20) Whale, beluga (20)
Bird, nightingale, shrill (19) Horse, snorts (20) Whale, humpback, moans (16)
Bird, parrot (19) Horse, whinny (20) Whale, killer whale, call (19)
Bird, peacock (20) Insect, cricket chirping (20) Whale, pilot (19)
Bird, rooster call (20) Jaguar, growl/purr (19) Whale, pilot, high-pitch call (20)
Bird, skylark, complex call (20) Jaguar, snap and growl (19) Whale, pilot, spitting noises (14)
Bird, sparrow, complex trills (20) Leopard, growl (18) Wildebeest, bleating (20)
Bird, sparrow, mellow call (20) Leopard, yowl (19) Wildebeest, moans (soft, low pitch) (19)
Zebra, barking (19)
  • The 94 animal sounds that were presented and retained for analyses are listed. Parentheses indicate the number of participants for which a given sound was correctly categorized.