Region | Brodmann area | Talairach coordinates | Z | p | Volume (ml) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
x | y | z | |||||
Age-matched group | |||||||
Frontal lobe | |||||||
R Middle frontal gyrus | 10 | 46 | 48 | −9 | 3.49 | <0.001 | 0.14 |
Limbic lobe | |||||||
L Insula | 13 | −44 | 8 | −2 | 4.01 | <0.001 | 1.12 |
L Cingulate gyrus | 32 | −10 | 19 | 32 | 3.64 | <0.001 | 0.24 |
R Cingulate gyrus | 32 | 2 | 23 | 39 | 3.93 | <0.001 | 2.63 |
Temporal lobe | |||||||
Superior temporal gyrus | 38 | 42 | 19 | −18 | 4.37 | <0.001 | 1.26 |
Parietal lobe | |||||||
L Superior parietal lobule | 7 | −26 | −66 | 46 | 3.91 | <0.001 | 0.33 |
R Superior parietal lobule | 7 | 36 | −62 | 49 | 3.57 | <0.001 | 0.09 |
Occipital lobe | |||||||
L Middle occipital gyrus | 18 | −32 | −95 | 3 | 5.13 | <0.001 | 3.64 |
R Middle occipital gyrus | 18 | 28 | −97 | 9 | 4.6 | <0.001 | 2.31 |
Cerebellum | |||||||
L Posterior cerebellum | N/A | −8 | −82 | −18 | 3.81 | <0.001 | 0.29 |
R Anterior cerebellum | N/A | 4 | −51 | −4 | 4.85 | <0.001 | 1.40 |
Reading-matched group | |||||||
Frontal lobe | |||||||
L Medial frontal gyrus | 6 | −2 | 8 | 51 | 4.58 | <0.001 | 2.86 |
L Inferior frontal gyrus | 45 | −51 | 25 | 4 | 3.33 | <0.001 | 0.08 |
L Precentral gyrus | 6 | −61 | 3 | 24 | 3.78 | <0.001 | 0.17 |
L Precentral gyrus | 6 | −40 | −2 | 37 | 3.51 | <0.001 | 0.15 |
R Medial frontal gyrus | 8 | 8 | 22 | 47 | 3.72 | <0.001 | 0.31 |
R Medial frontal gyrus | 9 | 8 | 29 | 32 | 3.68 | <0.001 | 0.19 |
R Inferior frontal gyrus | 47 | 34 | 23 | −8 | 3.43 | <0.001 | 0.21 |
Limbic lobe | |||||||
R Insula | 13 | 38 | 18 | 3 | 3.48 | <0.001 | 0.30 |
Temporal lobe | |||||||
L Superior temporal gyrus | 38 | −44 | 9 | −7 | 4.63 | <0.001 | 5.02 |
L Fusiform gyrus | 37 | −44 | −53 | −12 | 4.48 | <0.001 | 0.43 |
R Fusiform gyrus | 37 | 44 | −53 | −12 | 4.20 | <0.001 | 0.24 |
Occipital lobe | |||||||
L Inferior occipital gyrus | 18 | −32 | −92 | −6 | 4.33 | <0.001 | 5.02 |
R Middle occipital gyrus | 18 | 26 | −95 | 3 | 4.08 | <0.001 | 3.30 |
Sublobar | |||||||
L Lentiform nucleus, putamen | −20 | 2 | −5 | 4.12 | <0.001 | 4.03 | |
R Claustrum | N/A | 30 | 10 | 1 | 3.84 | <0.001 | 0.33 |
L Thalamus, medial dorsal nucleus | −10 | −17 | 6 | 3.60 | <0.001 | 0.34 | |
Cerebellum | |||||||
L Cerebellum anterior lobe | N/A | −12 | −51 | −18 | 3.46 | <0.001 | 0.13 |
R Cerebellum posterior lobe | N/A | 42 | −67 | −17 | 3.97 | <0.001 | 0.18 |
Dyslexic group | |||||||
Frontal lobe | |||||||
L Superior frontal gyrus | 6 | −6 | 10 | 53 | 3.79 | <0.001 | 0.74 |
L Inferior frontal gyrus | 44 | −48 | 12 | 12 | 3.84 | <0.001 | 0.53 |
L Precentral gyrus | 4 | −46 | −7 | 48 | 4.57 | <0.001 | 0.63 |
L Precentral gyrus | 6 | −53 | 1 | 13 | 3.86 | <0.001 | 0.22 |
L Precentral gyrus | 6 | −59 | −4 | 30 | 3.31 | <0.001 | 0.13 |
Occipital lobe | |||||||
L Middle occipital gyrus | 18 | −28 | −95 | 7 | 4.54 | <0.001 | 3.46 |
R Cuneus | 18 | 24 | −97 | −2 | 4.97 | <0.001 | 2.45 |
All groups combined | |||||||
Frontal, limbic lobes, sublobar | |||||||
L Superior, medial frontal, cingulate gyri | 6, 8, 32 | −4 | 8 | 53 | 6.09 | <0.001 | 16.55 |
L Inferior frontal, precentral gyrus, insula | 47, 13, 6 | −40 | 17 | −3 | 5.52 | <0.001 | 30.50 |
R Inferior frontal gyrus, insula, lentiform nucleus | 13, 47 | 40 | 13 | −4 | 4.86 | <0.001 | 8.18 |
R Inferior frontal, precentral gyrus | 6, 9 | 63 | −1 | 18 | 3.51 | <0.001 | 0.83 |
Temporal lobe | |||||||
L Hippocampus, lentiform nucleus | −32 | −20 | −7 | 3.58 | <0.001 | 0.26 | |
Occipital lobe | |||||||
L Middle, inferior occipital gyri | 18 | −28 | −95 | 5 | 7.11 | <0.001 | 11.12 |
R Middle, inferior occipital, fusiform gyri | 18 | 28 | −95 | 3 | 7.05 | <0.001 | 8.32 |
Sublobar | |||||||
R Thalamus | 14 | −17 | 6 | 3.6 | <0.001 | 0.28 |
p = 0.001, ET, 10; uncorrected. N/A, Not applicable