Effects of TMS on the parameters of grasping movements performed with either hand
| Controls (n = 6) | Left AIP (n = 6) | Right AIP (n = 6) | Left SMG (n = 7) | Right SMG (n = 7) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Left hand | Right hand | Left hand | Right hand | Left hand | Right hand | Right hand | Right hand | |
| Temporal parameters | ||||||||
| RT (ms) | 267.2 ± 18.8 | 272.3 ± 22.7 | 284.7 ± 28.5 | 275.1 ± 29.2 | 270.5 ± 20.2 | 281.6 ± 28.7 | 267.4 ± 17.3 | 272.1 ± 22.3 |
| Preloading phase (ms) | 38.4 ± 18.7 | 35.3 ± 16.1 | 55.4 ± 25.8* | 62.8 ± 20.7* | 43.5 ± 26.7 | 38.7 ± 19.6 | 37.4 ± 20.1 | 32.1 ± 19.7 |
| Loading phase (ms) | 183.2 ± 28.5 | 173.6 ± 23.5 | 191.1 ± 19.6 | 177.3 ± 29.5 | 187.1 ± 25.3 | 180.4 ± 27.6 | 190.5 ± 25.4 | 187.4 ± 21.7 |
| Dynamic parameters | ||||||||
| GF peak (N) | 8.3 ± 1.9 | 7.9 ± 1.7 | 11.5 ± 3.7* | 10.7 ± 2.9* | 7.0 ± 3.9 | 7.9 ± 1.8 | 8.5 ± 1.3 | 8.8 ± 1.6 |
| dGF/dt peak (N/s) | 45.3 ± 6.8 | 44.7 ± 5.8 | 55.2 ± 8.3* | 58.3 ± 9.1* | 47.5 ± 6.2 | 43.9 ± 7.3 | 42.8 ± 9.9 | 42.9 ± 11.0 |
| LF peak (N) | 6.1 ± 1.5 | 6.3 ± 1.6 | 6.4 ± 1.3 | 6.5 ± 1.7 | 6.0 ± 1.5 | 6.2 ± 1.4 | 6.2 ± 1.7 | 6.1 ± 1.4 |
| dLF/dt peak (N/s) | 42.3 ± 5.9 | 40.5 ± 6.0 | 43.4 ± 6.7 | 43.9 ± 7.3 | 41.8 ± 6.1 | 40.1 ± 6.4 | 39.4 ± 7.5 | 38.5 ± 8.2 |
| Cross-correlation coefficient | 0.85 ± 0.13 | 0.83 ± 0.12 | 0.86 ± 0.11 | 0.82 ± 0.12 | 0.82 ± 0.10 | 0.79 ± 0.15 | 0.81 ± 0.14 | 0.79 ± 0.12 |
| Time shift (ms) | 22.5 ± 8.1 | 20.3 ± 8.4 | 47.8 ± 9.4* | 45.2 ± 11.5* | 23.3 ± 7.8 | 24.2 ± 9.0 | 23.4 ± 8.2 | 25.7 ± 7.4 |
| Finger positioning | ||||||||
| Thumb CP area (mm2) | 40.29 ± 22.35 | 45.24 ± 18.34 | 42.86 ± 20.47 | 45.93 ± 23.86 | 38.32 ± 19.31 | 40.74 ± 21.3 | 45.86 ± 26.36 | 48.88 ± 20.43 |
| Index CP area (mm2) | 43.78 ± 23.18 | 38.19 ± 25.48 | 45.37 ± 19.57 | 42.71 ± 18.93 | 40.08 ± 22.45 | 45.42 ± 24.5 | 45.14 ± 18.86 | 45.10 ± 24.04 |
Mean ± SD values of movement parameters gathered in the control condition of experiments 1 (sham), after rTMS over the left or right AIP (experiment 1) and after rTMS over the left or right SMG (experiment 3). RT, Reaction time; Thumb or Index CP area, ellipse in which 95% of the center of pressure of the thumb or index were found; dGF/dt and dLF/dt, grip force and load force rates.
↵*p < 0.05, significantly different from control values.