Clinical, genetic, and cognitive characteristics of subjects
| Clinical characteristic or cognitive testa | Sporadic ADb mean (SD) | Controlsb mean (SD) | Subject code | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CY-Cc (35) | CY1c (35) | CY2c (37) | CY3c (38) | CY4c (42)d | CY5c (45)d | AP-Ce (47) | AP1e (35) | AP2e (43) | AP3d (45) | AP4e (46) | AP5e (49) | |||
| Clinical diagnosis | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | MCI | MCI | AD | MCI | AD | ||
| ApoE genotype | 3/4 | 3/3 | 3/4 | 3/4 | 2/3 | 2/3 | 2/3 | 2/3 | 2/3 | 2/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 | ||
| MMSE | 21.7 (3.7) | 28.4 (1.5) | 29 | 29 | 27 | 28 | 30 | 29 | 28 | 22 | 27 | 21 | 25 | 16 |
| CDR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | ||
| CERAD EPSf | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 6 | ||||||
| UPDRSg | 0 | 2 | 4 | |||||||||||
| CERAD WLL delayed recall (max of 10) | 0.6 (1.2) | 8.1 (1.7) | 7 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | ||
| Digit span forward | 6.3 (1.2) | 6.8 (1.3) | 6 | 8 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 8 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Digit span backward | 3.4 (1.4) | 5.3 (1.1) | 5 | 7 | 8 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 |
| Trail Making Test A (s) | 80.7 (65.3) | 32.0 (8.8) | 25 | 10 | 18 | 20 | 24 | 27 | 19 | 28 | 43 | 38 | 27 | 78 |
| Trail Making Test B (s) | 235.3 (64.5) | 75.2 (34.3) | 32 | 24 | 37 | 50 | 52 | 57 | 59 | 71 | 118 | 300 | 73 | 300 |
| Letter fluency (FAS total) | 31.5 (12.7) | 47.3 (17.0) | 58 | 65 | 45 | 61 | 40 | 33 | 31 | 22 | 26 | 7 | 43 | 16 |
| Category fluency (animals) | 11.8 (5.7) | 20.3 (4.9) | 27 | 30 | 28 | 18 | 22 | 20 | 23 | 15 | 15 | 14 | 18 | 13 |
| Boston Naming Test (Saxton 30-item version) | 23.3 (4.6) | 28.6 (2.6) | 27 | 29 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 28 | 26 | 21 | 26 | 16 | 26 | 14 |
| Modified Rey-Osterrieth Figure copy (max of 24) | 17.4 (5.6) | 21.9 (1.1) | 21 | 24 | 20 | 22 | 20 | 23 | 17 | 15.5 | 23 | 8.5 | ||
| FCSRT free recall (max of 48) | 7.4 (5.6)h | 32.8 (6.6)i | 37 | 31 | ||||||||||
| Benton VFDT (max of 32) | 17.5 (9.3)h | 30.3 (2.9)i | 30 | 26 | ||||||||||
↵aSee Materials and Methods for abbreviations and descriptions. Bold values are abnormal, i.e., more than 1.5 SDs away from the control norm.
↵bThe means listed are from the 12 AD and 18 control patients who participated in this study in Pittsburgh except when indicated.
↵cC410Y mutation kindred (Campion et al., 1995; Sherrington et al., 1995). CY-C indicates the noncarrier cousin control subject. Ages are shown in parentheses.
↵dSubjects studied at MGH.
↵eA426P mutation kindred (Poorkaj et al., 1998). AP-C indicates the noncarrier sibling control subject. Ages are shown in parentheses.
↵fExtrapyramidal symptom total score according to the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (Morris et al., 1989).
↵gTotal score from the Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (Fahn and Elton, 1987).
↵hHistorical mean (SD) from AD patients studied at MGH (n = 20; mean age, 69.7 ± 11.0).
↵iHistorical mean (SD) from control subjects studied at MGH (n = 55; mean age, 71.3 ± 8.7).