Sample | Country | n (% f) | Age [mean (range)] | Education[mean (range)] | Key publications | Main screening instruments/inclusion criteria |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Nor | 69 (57) | 51.3 (20–88) | 15 (7–20) | Walhovd et al. (2005a) | Health interview, MMSE > 26, BDI < 16, IQ > 85, RH only |
2 | Nor | 208 (71) | 46.8 (19–75) | 14 (9–22) | Espeseth et al. (2008) | Health interview, IQ > 85 |
3 | Swe | 106 (32) | 41.6 (19–56) | 14 (9–22) | Nesvåg et al. (2008) | Health interview, DSM-III-R, WASI vocabulary > 16a |
4 | USA | 155 (65) | 44.5 (18–93) | 3.5 (1–5)b | Marcus et al. (2007) | Health interview, CDR = 0c, MMSE > 25c, RH only |
5 | USA | 154 (61) | 44.4 (18–94) | 3.4 (1–5)b | Similar to sample 4 | Similar to sample 4 |
6 | USA | 191 (60) | 47.3 (18–81) | 15.7 (12–21) | Raz et al. (2004b) | Health interview, BIMCT > 30, GDQ < 15, RH only, neuroradiology |
7 | Nor | 260 (57) | 48.8 (20–93) | 15.5 (8–23)d | Fjell et al. (2008) | Health interview, neuropsychological evaluation, BDI < 16, IQ > 85, RH only |
8e | USA | 96 (59) | 76.6 (62–96) | 2.8 (1–5)b | Similar to sample 4 | Health interview, CDR ≥ 0.5, RH only |
Nor, Norway; Swe, Sweden; % f, percentage of female participants; MMSE, Mini Mental Status Exam (Folstein et al., 1975); BDI, Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, 1987); BIMCT, Blessed Information-Memory-Concentration Test (Blessed et al., 1968); CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating (Berg, 1984, 1988; Morris, 1993); GDQ, Geriatric Depression Questionnaire (Auer and Reisberg, 1997); RH, right handed; WASI, Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (Wechsler, 1999).
↵aAvailable for 70 participants.
↵bAvailable for all participants ≥ 60 years, and sporadically for the rest. 1, Less than high school graduate (grad.); 2, high school grad.; 3, some college; 4, college grad.; 5, beyond college.
↵cAvailable for participants ≥ 60 years only.
↵dMissing for one participant.
↵eAlzheimer patients.