Table 1.

Proposed signal transduction pathways possibly affected by berry fruit polyphenols

  1. DA/Aβ42 → ROS → PKCγ/PKCα → p38 MAPK → CREB/ NfκB → increased ROS and calcium dysregulation

  2. 2 DA/Aβ42 → ROS → JNK → p53 → increased ROS and calcium dysregulation)

  • ROS, Reactive oxygen species.