Proposed signal transduction pathways possibly affected by berry fruit polyphenols
DA/Aβ42 → ROS → PKCγ/PKCα → p38 MAPK → CREB/ NfκB → increased ROS and calcium dysregulation
2 DA/Aβ42 → ROS → JNK → p53 → increased ROS and calcium dysregulation)
ROS, Reactive oxygen species.