Demographic and cognitive assessments
| TS (n = 42) | XX (n = 30) | KS (n = 31) | XY (n = 26) | ANOVA p value | Significant post hoc comparisons | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 9.1 (1.9) | 9.5 (2.0) | 9.7 (1.7) | 10.6 (1.6) | 0.017 | TS < XY |
| Global IQa | 92.4 (12.7) | 117.03 (11.7) | 90.5 (14.4) | 109.6 (13.2) | <0.001 | TS = KS < XX = XY |
| Verbal Abilityb | 102.8 (11.6) | 116.7 (15.1) | 88.3 (13.0) | 111.2 (14.0) | <0.001 | KS < TS, XX, XY; TS < XX |
| WISC-IV PRI | 93.3 (13.5) | 116.8 (10.6) | — | — | <0.001 | — |
| WISC-IV WMI | 85.3 (18.4) | 104.5 (12.1) | — | — | <0.001 | — |
| WISC-IV PSI | 87.6 (19.6) | 110.8 (12.4) | — | — | <0.001 | — |
| DAS Nonverbal Reasoning | — | — | 95.1 (15.5) | 108.9 (12.2) | 0.001 | — |
| DAS Spatial Ability | — | — | 91.2 (13.9) | 103.9 (15.6) | 0.002 | — |
| TGMVc | 689.4 (56.6) | 688.2 (58.9) | 718.1 (67.0) | 743.4 (58.7) | 0.001 | TS = XX < XY |
| TWMVd | 449.1 (38.7) | 450.4 (41.4) | 482.1 (46.2) | 504.7 (47.1) | <0.001 | TS = XX < KS = XY |
| TCSFe | 275.0 (25.1) | 280.1 (29.0) | 267.5 (30.2) | 269.2 (31.9) | 0.310 | — |
ANOVA for age, and global and verbal intellectual ability were tested between all groups. Post hoc Tukey's HSD results demonstrated significant differences. T test comparisons of WISC-IV WMI and PSI scores were also conducted between TS and TD females (XX), and DAS Nonverbal Reasoning and Spatial Ability were compared between KS and TD males (XY). Mean score and SD on each measure for, respectively, TS, XX, KS, and XY groups.
↵aComprised of FSIQ score for TS and XX, General Conceptual Ability score for KS and XY.
↵bComprised of VCI for TS and XX, and Verbal Cluster score for KS and XY.
↵cTotal gray matter volume (in ml).
↵dTotal white matter volume (in ml).
↵eTotal CSF volume (in ml).