Table 2.

Bupivacaine actions on closed time components

Bupivacaine (mm)	Closed components (ms, %)
Bupivacaine (mm)	τ_E1	a_E1	τ_E2	a_E2	τ_E3	a_E3	τ_E4	a_E4	τ_E5	a_E5	τ_E6	a_E6
0	0.18 ± 0.01	32 ± 4	1.9 ± 0.1	38 ± 3	5.2 ± 0.4	29 ± 3	27 ± 4	1.36 ± 0.18	2792 ± 346	0.14 ± 0.03	—	—
0.05	0.20 ± 0.01	15 ± 2^*	1.4 ± 0.2^*	26 ± 6	4.1 ± 0.2	40 ± 6	152 ± 64^*	0.22 ± 0.08^*	2908 ± 456	0.37 ± 0.14^*	12.5 ± 0.6	18 ± 1
0.1	0.23 ± 0.01^*	13 ± 2^*	2.2 ± 0.3	26 ± 4^*	8.0 ± 1.0^*	38 ± 3	95 ± 20^*	1.69 ± 1.42	3067 ± 474	0.34 ± 0.15	17.1 ± 1.5^†	30 ± 6
0.5	0.24 ± 0.02^*	6 ± 2^*	2.9 ± 1.0^*	14 ± 2^*	11.8 ± 3.3^*	53 ± 9^*	295 ± 158^*	0.16 ± 0.06^*	4636 ± 1278	0.09 ± 0.03	26.1 ± 8.5^†	27 ± 10
1.0	0.30 ± 0.03^*	5 ± 2^*	3.5 ± 0.5^*	14 ± 2^*	14.1 ± 2.2^*	67 ± 9^*	149 ± 57^*	0.57 ± 0.31^*	2896 ± 848	0.32 ± 0.09^*	35.6 ± 5.4^†	16 ± 9

Data are mean ± SEM for each dataset.
↵* p < 0.05, significant difference relative to control (Student's t test).
↵† p < 0.05, significant difference relative to the first concentration tested (0.05 mm) (Student's t test).