Table 3.

Neural correlates of the expected cost of mental effort for the chosen option revealed by using GLM2

Area	Left, right, bilateral	Cluster		Peak (T)	MNI coordinates (mm)
Area	Left, right, bilateral	Size	p(FWE)	Peak (T)	x	y	z
A, Experiment 1
Positive correlation
MFG/inferior frontal gyrus/anterior insula	Right	514	<0.001	5.6	30	50	4
aMFG	Left	103	0.033	5.5	−30	47	7
dmFC/dACC	Bilateral	196	0.002	5.7	0	14	49
Inferior parietal lobule	Right	144	0.009	5.0	45	−52	49
Negative correlation
Rostromedial PFC	Bilateral	233	0.001	6.0	−9	53	16
vmPFC/striatum	Bilateral	392	<0.001	7.5	3	41	−17
Primary motor cortex/primary somatosensory cortex	Right	125	0.017	5.4	42	−22	64
Temporal lobe	Right	190	0.003	5.3	69	−34	13
Parietal operculum/temporal lobe	Left	1217	<0.001	6.8	−42	−37	25
Precuneus	Bilateral	218	0.001	5.4	−3	−58	16
B, Experiment 2
Positive correlation
Anterior insula/aMFG/orbitofrontal cortex	Left	266	<0.001	7.6	−27	23	4
dmFC/dACC/superior frontal gyrus	Bilateral	489	<0.001	7.3	6	20	49
Anterior insula/aMFG/orbitofrontal cortex	Right	663	<0.001	12.9	33	20	4
Inferior parietal lobule/precuneus	Right	262	<0.001	5.4	45	−49	55
Cerebellum	Left	141	0.007	8.0	−18	−61	−41
Negative correlation
vmPFC^{^a}	Left	12	0.818	4.5	−3	35	−20
Striatum^{^a}	Bilateral	48	0.201	4.9	0	5	−8
C, Conjunction analysis
Positive correlation (strict mask^{^b})
aMFG	Right	223	0.002	6.0	33	47	4
dmFC/dACC	Bilateral	136	0.018	5.8	3	20	46
Inferior parietal lobule^{^c}	Right	91	0.064	4.9	45	−49	49
Negative correlation (relaxed mask^{^d})
vmPFC	Bilateral	131	0.020	4.8	−6	35	−17

Configurations are the same as those in Table 2, except that GLM2 was used and C corresponds to Figure 9B.
↵^aVoxel-level uncorrected p < 0.001 and voxel size ≥5.
↵^bA binary mask consisting of common voxels at cluster-level FWE corrected p < 0.05 and voxel-level uncorrected p < 0.001.
↵^cCluster-level uncorrected p < 0.05 and voxel-level uncorrected p < 0.001; with a binary mask consisting of common voxels at cluster-level FWE corrected p < 0.05 and voxel-level uncorrected p < 0.001.
↵^dA binary mask consisting of common voxels at voxel-level uncorrected p < 0.01.