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Antiphase Circadian Expression betweenBMAL1andperiodHomologue mRNA in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus and Peripheral Tissues of Rats

https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1998.9779Get rights and content

Abstract

BMAL1 is a putative transcription factor which is involved in circadian rhythm generation inDrosophila.Northern blot analysis was performed to investigate the expression of ratBMAL1mRNA in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and peripheral tissues. In the SCN, circadian expression ofBMAL1mRNA which reaches its peak level at the time of dark–light transition was observed, and the expression pattern was antiphase to those of twoperiod(per) homologues,rPer1andrPer2.However, no circadian oscillation for ratClockmRNA was detected. The circadian expression ofBMAL1mRNA was also observed in peripheral tissues such as brain (excluding the SCN), eye, heart, kidney, and lung. The amplitudes ofBMAL1andrPer2mRNA expression levels were correlated between the different tissues, suggesting that the circadian expression ofBMAL1mRNA plays an important role in generating the circadian expression ofperhomologue genes in mammals.

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      Bmal1 along with Clock (or Npas2) protein form a heterodimer, that also interact with histone acetyltransferases [23,24], to activate the Period (Per 1,2, 3 isoforms) and Cryptochrome (Cry1, Cry2 forms) genes, which comprise the braking force of the feedback loop. The antiphase pattern of gene expression of the Per [25] and Cry genes to Bmal1 [26,27] and Clock in 24-hr profiles across cell and tissue types is a robust characteristic of the circadian mechanism [28]; when Bmal1 expression peaks, Per expression is at its lowest point. However, the timing of the Per and Cry are not completely aligned by time of day it seems.

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