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Toward a Phylogenetic Classification of Primates Based on DNA Evidence Complemented by Fossil Evidence

https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.1998.0495Get rights and content

Abstract

A highly resolved primate cladogram based on DNA evidence is congruent with extant and fossil osteological evidence. A provisional primate classification based on this cladogram and the time scale provided by fossils and the model of local molecular clocks has all named taxa represent clades and assigns the same taxonomic rank to those clades of roughly equivalent age. Order Primates divides into Strepsirhini and Haplorhini. Strepsirhines divide into Lemuriformes and Loriformes, whereas haplorhines divide into Tarsiiformes and Anthropoidea. Within Anthropoidea when equivalent ranks are used for divisions within Platyrrhini and Catarrhini, Homininae divides into Hylobatini (common and siamang gibbon) and Hominini, and the latter divides into Pongina forPongo(orangutans) and Hominina forGorillaandHomo. Homoitself divides into the subgeneraH.(Homo) for humans andH.(Pan) for chimpanzees and bonobos. The differences between this provisional age related phylogenetic classification and current primate taxonomies are discussed.

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      The divergence ages for D1g and D1j have been estimated several times in previous studies using a range of methods and calibrations of the mitochondrial mutation rate. Bodner et al. (2012) used the HKY85 model and the human-chimpanzee split time (Goodman et al., 1998)—as shown in Mishmar et al. (2003)—and reported 18.3 ± 2.4 kya for D1g and 13.9 ± 2,9 kya for D1j. They also used the corrected rho-based molecular clock proposed by Soares et al. (2009) (also based on the human-chimpanzee split time) and obtained similar time estimates (D1g: 19.7 ± 3 kya; D1j: 14.9 ± 4.7 kya).

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