Abstract
Previous neuroimaging studies yielded different patterns of brain areas activated during sensorimotor adaptation, when sensory conflicts are introduced, e.g. by manipulating visual information. We propose that possible reasons might be the lack to control for adaptation or the change in motor performance. In consequence, it was not possible to distinguish between adaptation-related and error-related brain activations. We have developed a sensorimotor adaptation task which controls for these errors using two types of visual distortion and thus is suited to disambiguate sensorimotor adaptation from the related activation patterns. Twenty healthy subjects were scanned by fMRI during a tracking task, while adapting to a visual distortion, which depended either on hand position or on hand velocity. In either case, adaptation was interleaved with a control condition, designed such that the time-course of tracking errors approximated that under visual distortion. We found that adaptation-related neural activation was limited to the left supramarginal and angular gyrus under the position-dependent distortion, but extended bilaterally in the supramarginal gyrus, as well as in the left middle and right superior frontal gyrus under the velocity-dependent distortion. Our findings confirm that equating the errors under both conditions will yield an anatomically more restricted activation pattern compared with other studies. The additional recruitment in right parietal and bilateral frontal areas under the velocity-dependent distortion might reflect a higher computational demand, or the involvement of different adaptive mechanisms.
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Notes
RMSE = \( {\sqrt {\frac{{{\sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^n {(\Updelta x_{i} )^{2} + {\sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^n {(\Updelta y_{i} )^{2} } }} }}} {n}} } \), with Δx i und Δy i = Euclidian distance between cursor and target, and n = number of data.
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Acknowledgments
Thanks are due to Mark Mon-Williams, University of Aberdeen, Sergio della Sala, University of Edingburgh, as well as to Gordon Waiter, Andrew Bromiley, and MR staff from the Centre of Biomedical Functional Imaging, Aberdeen. This work was supported by EU program “Enhancing Access to Research Infrastructures”.
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Girgenrath, M., Bock, O. & Seitz, R.J. An fMRI study of brain activation in a visual adaptation task: activation limited to sensory guidance. Exp Brain Res 184, 561–569 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-007-1124-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-007-1124-8