Abstract
The major determinant of prion disease incubation time in mice is thought to be the amino acid sequence of the prion protein. Two alleles of the mouse prion gene (Prnp) have been described, where Prnp a (Leu-108, Thr-189) and Prnp b (Phe-108, Val-189) are associated with short and long incubation times, to defined prion strains, respectively. As part of a survey of inbred mouse lines, the prion gene open reading frame was sequenced and revealed a new allele, Prnp c (Phe-108, Thr-189), in the strain MAI/Pas. To study the influence of Prnp c independently of the MAI/Pas genetic background, we generated a congenic line in which Prnp c was bred onto the C57BL/6JOlaHsd background. Following intracerebral inoculation with Chandler/RML scrapie prions, the congenic mice showed an increased mean incubation time relative to C57BL/6JOlaHsd, of over 100 days. However, no differences were observed in the intensity and pattern of PrP immunoreactivity deposition or spongiosis. We conclude that the new allele, Prnp c, modulates incubation time but not neuropathology and that the previous classification of mice into two distinct groups based on incubation time and Prnp genotype should now be revised.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
EA Asante JM Linehan M Desbruslais S Joiner I Gowland et al. (2002) ArticleTitleBSE prions propagate as either variant CJD-like or sporadic CJD-like prion strains in transgenic mice expressing human prion protein EMBO J 21 6358–6366 Occurrence Handle10.1093/emboj/cdf653 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XpsFChtbc%3D Occurrence Handle12456643
JA Beck S Lloyd M Hafezparast M Lennon-Pierce JT Eppig et al. (2000) ArticleTitleGenealogies of mouse inbred strains Nat Genet 24 23–25 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXks1emsg%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10615122
RA Bessen RF Marsh (1992) ArticleTitleBiochemical and physical properties of the prion protein from two strains of the transmissible mink encephalopathy agent J Virol 66 2096–2101 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK38Xitlaqu7Y%3D Occurrence Handle1347795
RA Bessen RF Marsh (1994) ArticleTitleDistinct PrP properties suggest the molecular basis of strain variation in transmissible mink encephalopathy J Virol 68 7859–7868 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXitFymu78%3D Occurrence Handle7966576
GA Carlson DT Kingsbury PA Goodman S Coleman ST Marshall et al. (1986) ArticleTitleLinkage of prion protein and scrapie incubation time genes Cell 46 503–511 Occurrence Handle3015416
GA Carlson PA Goodman M Lovett BA Taylor ST Marshall et al. (1988) ArticleTitleGenetics and polymorphism of the mouse prion gene complex: control of scrapie incubation time Mol Cell Biol 8 5528–5540 Occurrence Handle3149717
GA Carlson C Ebeling M Torchia D Westaway SB Prusiner (1993) ArticleTitleDelimiting the location of the Scrapie prion incubation time gene on chromosome 2 of the mouse Genetics 133 979–988 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:ByyB3MngvFA%3D Occurrence Handle8462855
RL Chandler (1961) ArticleTitleEncephalopathy in mice produced by inoculation with scrapie brain material Lancet i . 1378–1379 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0140-6736(61)92008-6
J Collinge KCL Sidle J Meads J Ironside AF Hill (1996) ArticleTitleMolecular analysis of prion strain variation and the aetiology of ‘new variant’ CJD Nature 383 685–690 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28XmsVGgu7Y%3D Occurrence Handle8878476
AG Dickinson VM Meikle H Fraser (1968) ArticleTitleIdentification of a gene which controls the incubation period of some strains of scrapie agent in mice J Comp Pathol 78 293–299 Occurrence Handle4970191
N Hunter JC Dann AD Bennett RA Somerville I McConnell et al. (1992) ArticleTitleAre Sinc and the PrP gene congruent? Evidence from PrP gene analysis in Sine congenic mice J Gen Virol 73 2751–2755 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK38XmsVKntL0%3D Occurrence Handle1357080
DT Kingsbury KG Kasper DP Stites JD Watson RN Hogan et al. (1983) ArticleTitleGenetic control of scrapie and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in mice J Immunol 131 491–496 Occurrence Handle6408182
SE Lloyd ON Onwuazor JA Beck G Mallinson M Farrall et al. (2001) ArticleTitleIdentification of multiple quantitative trait loci linked to prion disease incubation period in mice Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98 6279–6283 Occurrence Handle10.1073/pnas.101130398 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXktVWksLk%3D Occurrence Handle11353827
SE Lloyd JB Uphill PV Targonski EM Fisher J Collinge (2002) ArticleTitleIdentification of genetic loci affecting mouse-adapted bovine spongiform encephalopathy incubation time in mice Neurogenetics 4 77–81 Occurrence Handle10.1007/s10048-002-0133-9 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XosFegu7Y%3D Occurrence Handle12481985
K Manolakou J Beaton I McConnell C Farquar J Manson et al. (2001) ArticleTitleGenetic and environmental factors modify bovine spongiform encephalopathy incubation period in mice Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98 7402–7407 Occurrence Handle10.1073/pnas.121172098 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXkslWmu7w%3D Occurrence Handle11404459
RC Moore J Hope PA McBride I McConnell J Selfridge et al. (1998) ArticleTitleMice with gene targetted prion protein alterations show that Prnp, Sinc, and Prni are congruent Nat Genet 18 118–125 Occurrence Handle9462739
RE Race K Graham D Ernst B Caughey B Chesebro (1990) ArticleTitleAnalysis of linkage between scrapie incubation period and the prion protein gene in mice J Gen Virol 71 493–497 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXhslKgsr8%3D Occurrence Handle1968507
DA Stephenson K Chiotti C Ebeling D Groth SJ DeArmond et al. (2000) ArticleTitleQuantitative trait loci affecting prion incubation time in mice Genomics 69 47–53 Occurrence Handle10.1006/geno.2000.6320 Occurrence Handle11013074
GC Telling P Parchi SJ DeArmond P Cortelli P Montagna et al. (1996) ArticleTitleEvidence for the conformation of the pathologic isoform of the prion protein enciphering and propagating prion diversity Science 274 2079–2082 Occurrence Handle10.1126/science.274.5295.2079 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXjtFeq Occurrence Handle8953038
JDF Wadsworth S Joiner AF Hill TA Campbell M Desbruslais et al. (2001) ArticleTitleTissue distribution of protease resistant prion protein in variant CJD using a highly sensitive immuno-blotting assay Lancet 358 171–180 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05403-4 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXltlymsr4%3D Occurrence Handle11476832
D Westaway PA Goodman CA Mirenda MP McKinley GA Carlson et al. (1987) ArticleTitleDistinct prion proteins in short and long scrapie incubation period mice Cell 51 651–662 Occurrence Handle2890436
D Westaway CA Mirenda D Foster Y Zebarjadian M Scott et al. (1991) ArticleTitleParadoxical shortening of scrapie incubation times by expression of prion protein transgenes derived from long incubation period mice Neuron 7 59–68 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0896-6273(91)90074-A Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXmtVSjtr8%3D Occurrence Handle1676894
Acknowledgments
We are very grateful to Jean-Louis Guénet for the kind gift of MAI/Pas and PWK/Pas mice and to Bruce Cattanach for JU/FaCt mice. We also thank Catherine O’Malley, Paul Hudson, and Judy Beake for preparation of histological slides and Katie Fox for preparation of brain homogenates for Western blotting. In addition, we thank Dave Moore and team for animal care and Ray Young for preparation of figures. This work was supported by the Medical Research Council, UK.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lloyd, S.E., Thompson, S.R., Beck, J.A. et al. Identification and characterization of a novel mouse prion gene allele. Mamm Genome 15, 383–389 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00335-004-3041-5
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00335-004-3041-5