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Sources of inputs to the anterior and posterior aspects of the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus

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Abstract

The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) is part of a group of midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei implicated in arousal and attention. Recent research points to anatomical and functional differences between the anterior (aPVT) and posterior PVT (pPVT). The present study re-examines the main sources of brain inputs to the aPVT and pPVT in the rat following iontophoretic injections of the retrograde tracer cholera toxin B (CTb) in the PVT. The location and the number of retrogradely labeled neurons in different regions of the brain were examined to determine which brain areas are likely to exert a strong influence on the aPVT and pPVT. The largest number of labeled neurons was found in layer 6 of the prelimbic, infralimbic and posterior insular cortices following injections in the pPVT. In contrast, the largest number of labeled neurons following injections of CTb in the aPVT was found to be in the hippocampal subiculum and the prelimbic cortex. Other areas of the brain including the reticular nucleus of the thalamus, periaqueductal gray, parabrachial nucleus and dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus were found to contain a more moderate number of neurons following injections of CTb in either the aPVT or pPVT. The results of the present tracing study clearly show that more neurons in the prefrontal cortex and subiculum project to the PVT than neurons from the hypothalamus and brainstem. These results highlight the potential importance of top–down modulation of PVT mechanisms and behavioral functions.

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Abbreviations

1:

Layer 1

2:

Layer 2

3:

Layer 3

5:

Layer 5

6:

Layer 6

ac:

Anterior commissure

AI:

Agranular insular cortex

AID:

Agranular insular cortex, dorsal part

AIV:

Agranular insular cortex, ventral part

Aq:

Aqueduct

BST:

Bed nucleus of stria terminalis

CeA:

Central amygdaloid nucleus

Cg1:

Cingulate cortex, area 1

Cl:

Claustrum

CM:

Central medial thalamic nucleus

DI:

Dysgranular insular cortex

DM:

Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus

DP:

Dorsal peduncular cortex

DR:

Dorsal raphe nucleus

ec:

External capsule

Ent:

Entothinal cortex

f:

Fornix

fmi:

Forceps minor of the corpus callosum

GI:

Granular insular cortex

Hb:

Habenular nucleus

ic:

Internal capsule

IL:

Infralimbic cortex

IMD:

Intermediodorsal thalamic nucleus

LPB:

Lateral parabrachial nucleus

M2:

Secondary motor cortex

MD:

Mediodorsal thalamic nucleus

MnPO:

Median preoptic nucleus

MPA:

Medial preoptic area

MPB:

Medial parabrachial nucleus

OB:

Orbital cortex

PAG:

Periaqueductal gray

PB:

Parabrachial nucleus

PeFLH:

Perifornical part of lateral hypothalamus

PH:

Posterior hypothalamic nucleus

PrL:

Prelimbic cortex

PSTh:

Parasubthalamic nucleus

PT:

Paratenial thalamic nucleus

PVN:

Paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus

PVT:

Paraventricular thalamic nucleus

Rt:

Reticular thalamic nucleus

SCh:

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

scp:

Superior cerebellar peduncle

sm:

Stria medullaris of the thalamus

Sub:

Subiculum

VM:

Ventromedial thalamic nucleus

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Acknowledgments

Grant sponsor: Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR); Grant number: MOP89758 (to G.J.K.).

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  1. Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, 780 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0W2, Canada

    Sa Li & Gilbert J. Kirouac

  2. Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0W2, Canada

    Gilbert J. Kirouac

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Correspondence to Gilbert J. Kirouac.

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Li, S., Kirouac, G.J. Sources of inputs to the anterior and posterior aspects of the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus. Brain Struct Funct 217, 257–273 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-011-0360-7

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