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The Pak1 Kinase: An Important Regulator of Neuronal Morphology and Function in the Developing Forebrain

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Abstract

The mammalian central nervous system (CNS) represents a highly complex unit, the correct function of which relies on the appropriate differentiation and survival of its neurones. It is becoming apparent that the Rho family of small GTPases and their downstream targets have a major function in regulating CNS development. Among the effectors, the role of the Pak family of kinases, especially Pak1, is becoming increasingly evident. Although highest levels of Pak1 expression and activation are detected in the developing nervous system, much remains undiscovered concerning its function in neurones. This review summarises what is currently known regarding the biological and molecular role of Pak1 in the mammalian forebrain. It emphasises the importance of Pak1 in regulating neuronal polarity, morphology, migration and synaptic function. Consequently, there are also strong indications that Pak1 is required for normal cognitive function. Furthermore, loss of Pak1 has been associated with the progression of neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Alzheimer’s disease, while up-regulation and de-regulation may be responsible for oncogenic transformation of support cells within the CNS, especially astrocyte progenitors. Together, these new and exciting findings encourage the future exploration into the function of Pak1 in the nervous system, thus, paving the way for novel strategies towards improved diagnosis and therapeutic treatment of diseases that affect the CNS.

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Acknowledgements

Special thanks to Deanna Taylor and Magdalena Sastre for critically reading the manuscript and to Frédéric Causeret and Tom Jacobs for several years of successful research into the functional role of Pak1 in primary neurones

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  1. Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, School of Medicine, Imperial College London, Burlington Danes Building, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK

    Margareta Nikolić

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  1. Margareta Nikolić
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Correspondence to Margareta Nikolić.

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Nikolić, M. The Pak1 Kinase: An Important Regulator of Neuronal Morphology and Function in the Developing Forebrain. Mol Neurobiol 37, 187–202 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-008-8032-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-008-8032-1

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