Elsevier

Brain Research

Volume 194, Issue 2, 4 August 1980, Pages 525-529
Brain Research

Evidence for involvement of separate mechanisms in the production of analgesia by electrical stimulation of the nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis and nucleus raphe magnus in the rat

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    In the spinal cord, these diffuse pathways not only control the activation level of the intermediate zone with the premotor interneurons and the sympathetic and parasympathetic motoneurons and the ventral horn with the somatic motoneurons (Figure 4, right), but also regulate the dorsal horn, involved in nociception or pain (Figure 4, left).23,24 Stimulation in the ventromedial part of the rostral medulla, with strong diffuse connections with the dorsal horn throughout the length of the spinal cord, result in the total disappearance of sensations of pain, because it inhibits all spinal and caudal medullary (trigeminal) neurons involved in pain perception.25,26 This discovery brought up the question of whether stimulation in this area in humans would help patients with burdensome pain without the possibility to solve this problem another way.

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    Although there is a small, but direct projection from the LH to the spinal cord (Hosoya, 1980), spinally descending serotonergic cells in the LH have not been identified (Bowker et al., 1981), indicating that LH stimulation activates intermediary nuclei that contain serotonin. The most likely candidate nuclei for LH-mediated serotonin input to the spinal cord are found in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM; the nucleus raphe magnus and the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis pars alpha), an area known to provide most of the serotonin to the spinal cord dorsal horn and to produce antinociception when activated (Dahlstrom and Fuxe, 1965; Satoh et al., 1980; Bowker et al., 1981; Rivot et al., 1982; Jensen and Yaksh, 1984; Hammond et al., 1985; Ruda et al., 1986; Heinricher et al., 1999; Gilbert and Franklin, 2001; Hurley et al., 2003; Buhler et al., 2004). Inactivating the RVM by lidocaine microinjection or ibotenic acid lesion significantly increases the electrical stimulation levels needed in the LH to achieve antinociception in male rats (Aimone et al., 1988).

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