HRP studies on thalamocortical neurons related to the cerebellocerebral projection in the monkey

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(83)90698-4

Brain Research

Volume 274, Issue 2, 12 September 1983, Pages 213-224

https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(83)90698-4 Get rights and content

Abstract

In monkeys (Macaca fuscata andmulatta), horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected in the cerebral cortices, areas 4 (medial and lateral parts), 5, 6 and 9 (a part just rostral to area 6), in which stimulation of cerebellar nuclei was known to elicit superficial or deep thalamocortical responses. Retrogradely labelled thalamic neurons consisted of two separate clusters of neurons, as judged by the continuity of labelled thalamic cells; lateral (VApc, VLo, VLc, VLm, VPLo, VPLc, LP) and medial (VAmc, X, Pcn, Cl, Pulo, Pulm, Pull, MD) ones. In each cluster, neurons in the medial portion tend to project on more rostal cerebral cortices than those in the lateral portion. In the lateral cluster, medially and laterally located thalamic neurons tend to project, respectively, on lateral and medial parts of a cortical area. Retrograde and anterograde labelling revealed that thalamocortical and corticothalamic projections are mostly reciprocal except CM which receives massive terminals from area 4 but projects scarcely on to the area. According to the references which have demonstrated terminations of cerebellothalamic neurons, thalamocortical neurons relaying the cerebellocerebral projection are presumed to be included in both the medial and lateral thalamic cell clusters mentioned above. The organization of cerebellothalamocortical projections appears more complicated and elaborated than that reported before.

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Cited by (53)

Thalamocortical and the dual pattern of corticothalamic projections of the posterior parietal cortex in macaque monkeys
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Citation Excerpt :
Another study (Acuna et al., 1990) reported TC projections to area 5 originating from different thalamic nuclei such as LP, PuL, PuA and very few from PuM, MD and CM, but not from PuL. Our results (Fig. 7) are in general agreement with Miyata and Sasaki (1983), Avendano et al. (1990) and Acuna et al. (1990) with however some discrepancies in the respective weight of the projections, such as sparse labeling in PuA and a quite dense labeling in PuM (thus diverging from Acuna et al., 1990). These quantitative differences in origin of TC projections may be explained by the differences in the precise location of the injection sites.
The corticothalamic projection includes a main, modulatory projection from cortical layer VI terminating with small endings whereas a less numerous, driving projection from layer V forms giant endings. Such dual pattern of corticothalamic projections is well established in rodents and cats for many cortical areas. In non-human primates (monkeys), it has been reported for the primary sensory cortices (A1, V1, S1), the motor and premotor cortical areas and, in the parietal lobe, also for area 7. The present study aimed first at refining the cytoarchitecture parcellation of area 5 into the sub-areas PE and PEa and, second, establishing whether area 5 also exhibits this dual pattern of corticothalamic projection and what is its precise topography. To this aim, the tracer biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) was injected in area PE in one monkey and in area PEa in a second monkey. Area PE sends a major projection terminating with small endings to the thalamic lateral posterior nucleus (LP), ventral posterior lateral nucleus (VPL), medial pulvinar (PuM) and, but fewer, to ventral lateral posterior nucleus, dorsal division (VLpd), central lateral nucleus (CL) and center median nucleus (CM), whereas giant endings formed restricted terminal fields in LP, VPL and PuM. For area PEa, the corticothalamic projection formed by small endings was found mainly in LP, VPL, anterior pulvinar (PuA), lateral pulvinar (PuL), PuM and, to a lesser extent, in ventral posterior inferior nucleus (VPI), CL, mediodorsal nucleus (MD) and CM. Giant endings originating from area PEa formed restricted terminal fields in LP, VPL, PuA, PuM, MD and PuL. Furthermore, the origin of the thalamocortical projections to areas PE and PEa was established, exhibiting clusters of neurons in the same thalamic nuclei as above, in other words predominantly in the caudal thalamus. Via the giant endings CT projection, areas PE and PEa may send feedforward, transthalamic projections to remote cortical areas in the parietal, temporal and frontal lobes contributing to polysensory and sensorimotor integration, relevant for visual guidance of reaching movements for instance.
Thalamus
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Basal ganglia and cerebellar loops: Motor and cognitive circuits
2000, Brain Research Reviews
The traditional view that the basal ganglia and cerebellum are simply involved in the control of movement has been challenged in recent years. One of the pivotal reasons for this reappraisal has been new information about basal ganglia and cerebellar connections with the cerebral cortex. In essence, recent anatomical studies have revealed that these connections are organized into discrete circuits or `loops'. Rather than serving as a means for widespread cortical areas to gain access to the motor system, these loops reciprocally interconnect a large and diverse set of cerebral cortical areas with the basal ganglia and cerebellum. The properties of neurons within the basal ganglia or cerebellar components of these circuits resembles the properties of neurons within the cortical areas subserved by these loops. For example, neuronal activity within basal ganglia and cerebellar loops with motor areas of the cerebral cortex is highly correlated with parameters of movement, while neuronal activity within basal ganglia and cerebellar loops with areas of the prefrontal cortex is more related to aspects of cognitive function. Thus, individual loops appear to be involved in distinct behavioral functions. Studies of basal ganglia and cerebellar pathology support this conclusion. Damage to the basal ganglia or cerebellar components of circuits with motor areas of cortex leads to motor symptoms, whereas damage of the subcortical components of circuits with non-motor areas of cortex causes higher-order deficits. In this report, we review some of the new anatomical, physiological and behavioral findings that have contributed to a reappraisal of function concerning the basal ganglia and cerebellar loops with the cerebral cortex.
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This chapter reviews the basis for using selected strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) as transneuronal tracers to map circuits in the central nervous system (CNS) and presents some anatomical results on the organization of cerebellar projections via the thalamus to the frontal lobe. The results suggest that the cerebellum projects not only to the primary motor cortex but also to areas of the premotor, oculomotor, and prefrontal cortices. Furthermore, the projections to different cortical areas appear to originate from different regions of the cerebellar output nuclei. These findings help propose a new scheme of organization for cerebellar output—namely, the deep cerebellar nuclei; the dentate nucleus specifically contain multiple output channels, each of which projects to a distinct cortical area. The chapter presents some of the physiological observations indicating that individual output channels are concerned with different aspects of motor and/or cognitive behavior. The anatomical and physiological results reveal important features of the basic structural framework, which connects cerebellar output with the cerebral cortex.
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HRP studies on thalamocortical neurons related to the cerebellocerebral projection in the monkey

Abstract

Neurosci. Lett.

Neurosci. Lett.

Brain Research

Brain Research

Exp. Neurol.

Brain Research

Brain Research

Relationships of precentral, premotor and prefrontal cortex to the mediodiorsal and intralaminar nuclei of the monkey thalamus

Acta neurobiol. exp.

Fastigial efferent projections in the monkey: an autoradiographic study

J. comp. Neurol.

Beitra¨ge zur histologischen Lokalization der Grosshirnrinde

J. Physiol. Neurol.

Contralateral projections to the dorsal thalamus from frontal association cortex in the rhesus monkey

Brain Research

Differential thalamic relationships of sensory-motor and parietal cortical fields in monkeys

J. comp. Neurol.

Projections of the cerebellar and dorsal column nuclei upon the thalamus of the rhesus monkey

J. comp. Neurol.